No abstract

Friction stir welding (FSW) is one of the youngest methods of metal welding. Metals and its alloys are joined in a solid state at temperature lower than melting points of the joined materials. The method is constantly developed and friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is one of its varieties. In the friction stir spot welding process a specially designed tool is brought into rotation and plunged, straight down, in the joined materials. Heat is generated as a result of friction between the tool and materials, and plastic deformation of the joined materials. Softening (plastic zone) of the joined materials occurs. Simultaneously the materials are stirred. After removal of the tool, cooling down the stirred materials create a solid state joint.Numerical simulation of the process was carried out with the ADINA System based on the finite element method (FEM). The problem was considered as an axisymmetric one. A thermal and plastic material model was assumed for Al 6061-T6. Frictional heat was generated on the contact surfaces between the tool and the joined elements. The model of Coulomb friction, in which the friction coefficient depends on the temperature, was used.An influence of the tool geometry on heat generation in the welded materials was analysed. The calculations were carried out for different radiuses of the tool stem and for different angles of the abutment. Temperature distributions in the welded materials as a function of the process duration assuming a constant value of rotational tool speed and the speed of tool plunge were determined. Additionally, the effect of the stem radius and its height on the maximum temperature was analysed. The influence of tool geometry parameters on the temperature field and the temperature gradient in the welded materials was shown. It is important regarding the final result of FSSW.Keywords: Friction stir spot welding (FSSW), metal welding, FEM, Al 6061-T6Zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem (FSW) jest jedną ze stosunkowo niedawno opracowanych metod łączenia metali. Należy do grupy metod łączenia metali i ich stopów w stanie stałym, w temperaturach niższych od temperatury topnienia łączonego materiału. Metoda jest stale rozwijana, a jedną z jej odmian jest punktowe zgrzewanie tarciowe z przemieszaniem (FSSW).W procesie punktowego zgrzewania tarciowego z przemieszaniem specjalnie zaprojektowane narzędzie wprowadzane jest w ruch obrotowy i wgłębiane, pionowo w dół, w obszar łączenia dwóch elementów. Wskutek tarcia narzędzia o materiał oraz plastycznego odkształcania materiału, generowane jest ciepło. Następuje zmiękczenie materiału łączonych elementów. Zmiękczony materiał (uplastyczniony) jest stale mieszany. Po wyprowadzeniu narzędzia, przemieszany materiał stygnąc tworzy między spajanymi elementami złącze w stanie stałym.Symulację numeryczną procesu za pomocą metody elementów skończonych wykonano z wykorzystaniem programu ADINA. Problem rozpatrywano jako zagadnienie osiowosymetryczne. Przyjęto termoplastyczny model materiału -Al 6061-T6. Ciepło tarcia generowane jest na pow...

In the paper, the influence of friction on temperature distribution in the friction spot stir welding process of titanium grade 2 is analysed. It is assumed that the friction coefficient may be a function of temperature or the relative speed of the contact areas. The finite element method is used in the numerical calculations. Temperature distributions and temperature versus time for the analysed friction coefficients are presented. The results also show that applying a proper frictional model is very essential for the sake of heat generation during friction stir welding.

No abstract

No abstract