Background: Excessive use of mobile phones is addictive and causes many complications. The severity of these complications depends on the duration of the call and the frequency of using mobile phones. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of mobile phone waves on salivary secretion. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 120 dental students in Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2015. Using the call history of the mobile phones, the number and duration of each person's daily calls were obtained. The spitting method was used to collect unstimulated saliva, and stimulated saliva was collected with the help of natural chewing gums without sugar and additive flavors. After sampling, the falcon tubes containing saliva were centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 minutes. Then the saliva volume was read from the tube and recorded. Independent two-sample t test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression model were used for data analysis. Results: Students who talked for more than 40 minutes or 20-40 minutes a day on their mobile phones had a mean unstimulated salivary secretion of 0.885 and 0.331 ml/min, respectively and mean stimulated salivary secretion of 0.702 and 0.708 ml/min, respectively more than students who talked less than 20 minutes a day on their cell phones (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that increased duration of cell phone calls was associated with increasing the amount of stimulated and unstimulated salivary secretion, which could decrease the risk of developing oral infections and tooth decay.

Background: Cardiovascular disease often leads to limitations in patient activities. Therefore, providing a valid and reliable tool to measure the level of participation and autonomy can be used for improving their health. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of a participation and autonomy scale (IPA-p) in patients with positive angiography. Materials and Methods: This psychometric properties assessment study was conducted recruiting 202 positive angiography patients referred to a cardiovascular diseases clinic in Rafsanjan in 2017. Ten experts were also recruited to help assess the face and content validity. Criterion validity of the scale was assessed by calculating the correlation of the two sets of scores collected from patients and their relatives. To compute the construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Scale reliability was also evaluated. Results: The content validity index was 0.94. The correlation coefficient between the scores of the completed questionnaires by patients and their relatives ranged between 0.443 and 1.0. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 9 factors, explaining about 73% of the total variance of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fitting of the model. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.962, the coefficient of Split-half was 0.825, the Intera-class correlation coefficient was 0.363, and the coefficient of Test-retest was 0.807. Conclusion: Present findings the Persian version of the IPA scale to be a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing participation and autonomy in patients with positive angiography. More investigation is recommended.