The Food Safety Authority of Ireland recently published food-based dietary guidelines for 1-5-year-old children, highlighting that this age group were at risk of inadequate intakes of iron, vitamin D, EPA and DHA (1) . This formed the basis for new Department of Health, healthy eating guidelines for kids (2) .The aim of this study was to investigate awareness of the new guidelines (1)(2) among parents of children aged 1-3 years, and compliance to certain recommendations contributing to intakes of the at-risk nutrients iron, vitamin D, DHA and EPA. A 15-item questionnaire was sent to a sample of parents with a child aged 1-3 years in Ireland, recruited by the independent website Everymum.ie. The data was analysed using SPSS 27. Analysis included descriptive statistics to calculate mean (standard deviation) and percentages. The recommendations focused on in this study included: eating a fortified breakfast cereal, red meat 3 times per week, fish once a week, administering a low-dose vitamin D-only supplement every day from Halloween to St Patrick's Day and for those growing at <25th percentile (ages 1-3), the recommendation for a low dose iron-only supplement 4 days per week or use of an iron-fortified full-fat milk or formula (1) .Of the 1,226 participants, 85% were between 25-44 years and 79% had achieved tertiary education. The mean toddler age was 1.8 years (standard deviation 0.58). Only 39% of parents were aware of the new healthy eating guidelines for young children (1) . Half of participants (50%) reported not giving their toddler a fortified cereal. A large proportion of toddlers (74%) did not meet the red meat recommendation, and within those 15% (n = 134) did not consume red meat at all. 35% did not meet the recommendation for fish. Of the parents, 48% reported giving their toddler a vitamin D-only supplement, and within those 71% (n = 418) reported giving it daily. For those with a toddler reported to be growing at <25th percentile (n = 46), none were given an iron-only supplement and only 13% reported giving their toddler an iron-fortified young child formula. However, most participants (91%) felt their toddler had a healthy diet.This study highlights a lack of awareness and compliance, among parents of pre-school children, of the new food-based dietary guidelines for young children in Ireland. The purpose of these healthy eating guidelines is not only to reduce the risk of inadequate intakes of important nutrients like iron, vitamin D, EPA and DHA in this age group, but also develop healthy eating habits for life (2) . There is an opportunity to promote the guidelines to build awareness with both parents and healthcare professionals.

Exclusive breastfeeding is the recommended infant feeding practice and is associated with the highest standard of growth and health (1) . However, the exact mechanisms that define infant health outcomes are poorly understood, partly due to challenges with biofluid collection in this vulnerable population group. Urine metabolomic profiles offer enormous opportunities in infant nutrition research due to the non-invasive nature of sample collection and ability to characterise diet and phenotype related differences in metabolism (2) . The aim of this research is to examine infant feeding practices, growth and metabolomic profiles in the first 4 months of life.Healthy mothers with singleton pregnancies aged 18-45 year were recruited from antenatal maternity clinics in the NMH Holles St during their final trimester (28 weeks+). Socio-demographics, diet and lifestyle data was collected from mothers during pregnancy. Anthropometrics, infant feeding practices and urine samples were collected at birth and monthly up to 4 months of age. 1 H-NMR spectra were acquired for infant urine samples collected at month 1 and month 4. Data were analysed using a combination of univariate (IBM SPSS v20) and multivariate methods (SIMPCA P+ v14).In total, 60 mother-infant pairs were included in the study at birth, 7 mothers withdrew after giving birth, and 47 mother-infant pairs completed the study. Over 80 % (n = 50) of mothers initiated breastfeeding at birth; however this dropped to approximately 50 % at 1 month. Infant anthropometrics are presented in Table 1 below. Multivariate analysis showed clear separation of urine metabolomics profiles from month 1 and month 4 (Figure 1). Some of the metabolites identified included higher myo-inositol and taurine in month 1 samples, and higher creatine and citrate in month 4 samples. Infants grow rapidly and infant feeding practices change in the first months of life. In this Irish cohort, month 1 was identified as a critical point where mothers are more likely to stop exclusive breastfeeding. This study demonstrates the application of metabolomics in infant nutrition research and potential to identify metabolites associated with infant growth and metabolic development.