The full Giovannini parton branching equation is integrated numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Using a simple hadronization model, a charged-hadron multiplicity distribution is obtained. This model is then fitted to various experimental data up to the TeV scale to study how the Giovannini parameters vary with collision energy and type. The model is able to describe hadronic collisions up to the TeV scale and reveals the emergence of gluonic activity as the center-of-mass energy increases. A prediction is made for [Formula: see text].

The intermittency-type fluctuations in the pseudorapidity space of pp collisions at $ \sqrt s $ = 7 TeV done at the LHC is investigated, by analysing the scaling properties (exponents) of the factorial moments of the event multiplicity distributions in decreasing pseudorapidity bin size. It is found that the scaling behaviour persists in the $ \sqrt s $ = 7 TeV regime, indicating intermittent behaviour as observed previously in analyses done at lower energies [1,2]. Comparison is also made with the theoretical predictions of the Generalised Multiplicity Distribution (GMD) [3,4,6].

A phenomenological model of particle production and hadronisation in high energy collisions is formulated using Dirac fields in Yukawa-like interaction and the resulting stochastic equation is solved numerically. Different initial conditions are used to compare particle- particle (ψ ψ) and particle-antiparticle (ψ* ψ) interactions. It is shown that in this simplified view, there is a clear difference between the final multiplicity distributions resulting from the two initial conditions. To model the restricted phase space (limited pseudorapidity) measurements in experiment, a “loss” function is also proposed to account for the undetected particles close to the beam line.

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It has been shown recently that additional information can be obtained from charged particle multiplicity distribution by investigating their modified combinants C j , which exhibit periodic oscillatory behaviour. The modified combinants obtained from experimental data can be expressed in a recurrent form involving the probability of obtaining N charged particles P(N), scaled by the void probability P(0). The effects of various experimental observables such as |η|, p T and centre-of-mass collision energy √ s on the oscillations of C j will be discussed.