The aim: The prevalence analysis of three ways of tobacco use among young adults: traditional (smoking of cigarillos or cigars) and alternative (hookah smoking and use of E-cigarettes) as well as the development of ways of tobacco smoking prevention. Materials and methods: Cross-section anonymous survey among young adults 18-44 years of age (n=410) has been conducted. The obtained results were compared with the data of the similar studies from different countries. The statistical methods (analysis of the mean and relative values), structural and logical analysis and systemic approach. Results: Among those who were interviewed, aged 18-44 years, there are 24.15±2.11 % of respondents – hookah smokers, 9.02±1.42 % persons prefer the traditional method of tobacco use (smoking of cigarillos or cigars), while 6.34±1.20 % ones use E-cigarettes. Such forms of smoking are more common among males. The smokers of cigarillos, cigars and hookahs have appreciated their high availability when buying – 9 (7;10) points out of 10 possible. The study has found that 11.54±1.58 % of smokers of E-cigarettes and 8.08±1.35 % of hookah smokers consider them safe types of smoking and harmless to their health. Conclusions: The prevention methods of smoking prevalence among young people must be based on the tougher rules of tobacco market and latest devices for smoking at the legislative level.

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The research aims at improving the quality assessment of clinical audit results in Ukraine using the complex of statistical methods and studying statistical methods in foreign reports of the clinical audit and personal experience. Materials and Methods. The research was performed by analyzing the reports of clinical audit (n=62), held during 2021 by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership. The spectrum of statistical methods was extended by the analysis of the example of a sociological survey of patients (n=405) regarding the quality assessment of medical care. The methods applied in the current study included systemic approach and analysis, structural and logical analysis, correlation and regressive analysis, calculation of relative values. Results and Discussion. All 100% clinical audit reports, carried out by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership were based on the results of the statistical calculations. The most common method of processing results is the epidemiological statistics (93.5%), ratio of chances/risks (30.6%), probability assessment by Х2 Pearson's method (21.0%). It is noteworthy that for pointing the central tendency almost in half of the cases (46.8 %) the median and the Interquartile Range were used. Complex mathematical methods such as the survival assessment by Kaplan- Meier and method multiple regression were used in 6.5 % та 4.8 % reports, accordingly. Conclusions. Based on our own experience, we suggested implementation of standardization methods, a detailed correlation and regressive analysis, neuro networks and power analysis into the methodology (technique) of the clinical audit. Implementation of spectrum of evidentially substantiated methods of statistical analysis will allow to increase the evidence level and to deepen the statistical analysis of databases when conducting the clinical audit, аnd therefore, the quality assessment of clinical audit results will increase.

Aim. The paper analyzes the state of the voluntary medical insurance in Ukraine and identifies the tendencies of its development. Material and Methods. The research was conducted on the basis of consolidated reporting data of the National Commission for State Regulation of Financial Services Markets using statistical methods, structural-logical analysis and systematic approach. Results and Discussion. According to the results of the study, the permanent health insurance is a dominant segment in the market of voluntary medical insurance in Ukraine; however the medical expenses insurance shows a steady upward trend. During the study period, the number of concluded contracts by type of medical insurance increased by 3.1 times. The increase in contracts on health insurance against disease turned out to be the most significant: in 2019, 4.7 times more contracts were concluded than in 2015. The dominance of corporate medical insurance in the segment of the market of permanent health insurance was established, while the insurance premiums made by individuals prevailed in the segment of health insurance against disease and medical expenses insurance. When studying the level of payments under voluntary medical insurance contracts, it was found that the highest level of payments had been recorded for permanent health insurance (56.95% - 62.12%). In the result of analyzing the level of reinsurance in the voluntary medical insurance market, a reduction in the ratio of insurance premiums transferred to non-resident reinsurers was established. On the basis of which it can be affirmed that the inwards reinsurance in Ukraine is being formed. The formation of the inwards reinsurance market in Ukraine has significant prospects, as it will ensure the attraction of funds into the national economy and promote integration into the international reinsurance space. Conclusions. The development tendencies study of the voluntary medical insurance is of practical importance for assessing and increasing the competitiveness of the medical insurance market in Ukraine

Introduction. The mortality among up to one-year old babies is one of the most sensitive factors in the state of the socio-economic development. The infant mortality rate has an influence not only on social and demographic processes but also has a high economic effect, which is extremely important for the country’s economic potential. Purpose of the article. The purpose of this paper is to make a comparative analysis of the overall trend of the infant mortality in Ukraine and Poland between 2010 and 2018 and to calculate economic losses of countries caused by the mortality among up to one-year old babies. Results. Between 2010 and 2018, we can see absolute gradual trend to the decrease in the infant mortality rate in Ukraine and Poland; however, the infant mortality rate in Ukraine is by 1.7 to 1.9 times higher than in Poland. The infant mortality in Ukraine and Poland is mainly caused by certain states in the perinatal period as well as by congenital defects, deformities and chromosomal abnormalities. In order to calculate economic losses because of the infant mortality, we have taken a number of lost person-years of the working-age period, during which GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is produced. Economic calculations point to the fact that losses of the Polish potential GDP because of the infant mortality between 2010 and 2018 are USD 9,122,370 and are twice as high as in Ukraine (USD 4,504,230), which can be explained by the value of GDP per capita, which is by 3.4 to 5.9 times higher. In its turn, the decrease in the infant mortality rate is caused by the preservation of the country’s labor potential and thus causes the potential GDP to be preserved. Thanks to the decrease in the Polish infant mortality between 2010 and 2018 by 27.37%, the potential GDP has been preserved amounting to USD 432,360. In Ukraine where the infant mortality decreased by 47.48% between 2010 and 2018 the economic effect of such decrease is USD 282,780. Conclusions. Economic losses caused by the infant mortality make the realization of the strategic national policy regarding the decrease in the infant mortality rate among one-year old babies useful, which will cause the future labor potential to be preserved, and facilitate the improvement of the socio-economic well-being. Key words: infant mortality, causes of death, economic losses.