The aim of this study was to analyze the theoretical foundations of the concept of the phytogenic field, to show the fruitfulness and practical feasibility of studying the phytogenic field of plants, especially edificatory species, using the example of studies carried out in various ecological and phytocenotic conditions and to determine the effect of uneven-aged black saxaul plants on wormwood-ephemeral vegetation by studying phytogenic field of this edificator species. The phytogenic field of black saxaul was studied by the phytometer method in the Karnabchul desert. It was found that the phytogenic effect of the edificator on the wormwood-ephemeral vegetation is observed at a distance of 90-150 cm outside the crown, depending on the age state of black saxaul. The average crown radius of black saxaul in the studied phytocenosis is 115 cm, and the average radius of its phytogenic field is 235 cm.To create a continuous integral phytogenic field in the entire phytocenosis, 434 black saxaul individuals per 1 ha are required evenly.

The contents of Na + , K + , water, and dry matter were measured in leaves and roots of euhalophytes Salicornia europaea L. and Climacoptera lanata (Pall.) Botsch featuring succulent and xeromorphic cell structures, respectively, as well as in saltbush Atriplex micrantha C.A. Mey, a halophyte having bladder-like salt glands on their leaves. All three species were able to accumulate Na + in their tissues. The Na + content in organs increased with elevation of NaCl concentration in the substrate, the concentrations of Na + being higher in leaves than in roots. When these halophytes were grown on a NaCl-free substrate, a trend toward K + accumulation was observed and was better pronounced in leaves than in roots. Particularly high K + concentrations were accumulated in Salicornia leaves. There were no principal differences in the partitioning of Na + and K + between organs of three halophyte species representing different ecological groups. At all substrate concentrations of NaCl, the total content of Na + and K + in leaves was higher than in roots. This distribution pattern persisted in Atriplex possessing salt glands, as well as in euhalophytes Salicornia and Climacoptera. The physiological significance of such universal pattern of ion accumulation and distribution among organs in halophytes is related to the necessity of water absorption by roots, its transport to shoots, and maintenance of sufficient cell water content in all organs under high soil salinity.

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Agrarians of the Republic of Kazakhstan face the task of exporting 60 tons of meat by 2016. While 20 years ago Kazakhstan exported over 180 thousand tons of meat, in 2009 it exported only 300 tons. This shows great unfulfilled potential of livestock breeding. Since 2015, thanks to the Eurasian Union, barriers have been eliminated between many countries, licensing procedures were simplified, and veterinary norms were unified, thus creating all conditions for increasing export. Availability of natural forage lands, low-cost pasture technology of beef cattle breeding creates the potential for establishing Kazakhstan as a significant and a competitive player in the global market. In this regard, increasing productivity of natural pastures is a priority task. The purpose of the research is to develop adaptive technologies for rational use of natural grassland ecosystems, ensuring their faster recovery and increasing their productivity, and improving the parameters of the environment in the semi-desert zone of Kazakhstan. The modern state of the semi-desert grassland areas has been determined in the study. The results of the research have established feasibility of moderate (65-75% grazing) pasture use. With intensive use of pastures, a change in floristic composition and productivity has been detected, as well as deterioration of agrochemical and agrophysical parameters of pasture soils. The research performed on a variety of environmental and anthropogenic levels in terms of light-chestnut soils of the semi-desert zone revealed 5 degrees of pasture degradation.

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