No abstract

A method of numerical analysis of the phenomenon of the air shock wave propagation is presented. The paper describes an explicit own solution. It uses Finite Volume Method (FVM). It also takes into account energy losses due to a heat transfer. For validation, the results of numerical analysis were compared with the literature reports. Both one-dimensional (an explosion in the pipe) and three-dimensional (explosion within the compartment) flow of a shock wave were analysed. Values of impulse, pressure, and its duration were studied. Finally, an overall good convergence of numerical results with experiments was achieved. Also the most important parameters were well reflected.

W artykule zaproponowano możliwości stosowania ukryć doraźnych dla zadań ochrony ludności i obrony cywilnej. Ukrycia doraźne są tanim i szybkim realizacyjnie elementem uzupełniającym stacjonarną infrastrukturę osłonową przydatną w sytuacjach kryzysowych. Scharakteryzowano strukturę problemu i wskazano metody badań.

The paper describes general rules for the use of collective protection against contamination. There are presented certain recommendations for functional and operational requirements in the case of collective protection measures. The functional and maintenance recommendations are described in the field of the collective protection against modern agents in the concern of the hardened facilities in relation to the ventilation systems and objects themselves. Individual protection is a key element of dealing in the massive destruction weapon (MDW) environment. The protective cloth provides the capability of working in a contaminated area but it makes individuals less operable and effective, also in the lasting. The common collec-tive protection is organized for people (solders or civilians) to be able to operate in a contaminated area. It means, that there are necessary certain facilities which protect personnel against toxics. The point of the collective protection is to keep an environment adequate for defense missions, rest, or decontamination. These facilities give more light feeling in the physical and psychological sense of dealing without the individual protective cloth. There is also a description of the ventilation system’ objects, depending on the type of collective protection systems. Keywords: construction, chemical toxics, protection of exercising personnel and natural environment

Abstract. From the point of view of people and building security one of the main destroying factor is the blast load. Rational estimating of its results should be preceded with knowledge of complex wave field distribution in time and space. As a result one can estimate the blast load distribution in time. In considered conditions, the values of blast load are estimating using the empirical functions of overpressure distribution in time (Δp(t)). The Δp(t) functions are monotonic and are the approximation of reality. The distributions of these functions are often linearized due to simplifying of estimating the blast reaction of elements. The article presents a method of numerical analysis of the phenomenon of the air shock wave propagation. The main scope of this paper is getting the ability to make more realistic the Δp(t) functions. An explicit own solution using Finite Volume Method was used. This method considers changes in energy due to heat transfer with conservation of linear heat transfer. For validation, the results of numerical analysis were compared with the literature reports. Values of impulse, pressure, and its duration were studied.