Analysis of the fatty acid composition of total cellular lipids is important chemotaxonomic characteristic that is used to identify microorganisms, in particular actinobacteria, with the help of fatty acid spectra libraries. Actinobacteria are well known as producers of secondary metabolites, which are of pharmacological and commercial interest. A significant number of actinomycetes is associated with various marine benthic communities. The aim of this study was determination of the fatty acid composition and preliminary identification of actinobacteria isolated from mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis of the Black Sea Odesa Bay. Actinobacteria of 12 isolated strains were grown in a liquid medium at 28° C for 72 h. Methyl esters of fatty acids were determined on a gas chromatograph Agilent. The MIDI Sherlock microorganisms identification system was used to identify the studied strains. It was found that the fatty acids methyl esters profiles of studied actinobacteria strains were characterized by the predominance of 12-17 saturated branched-chain fatty acids with high content of 12-methyltridecanoic, 12-methyltetradecanoic, 14-methylpentadecanoic and 14-methylhexadecanoic fatty acids. All 12 actinobacteria strains isolated from mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) of Odesa Bay were identified as members of the Streptomyces genus. Keywords: Black Sea, fatty acid compositions, marine actinobacteria, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Streptomyces