The article examines the latest achievements of foreign researchers whose key focus is to obtain gasoline fractions from the biomass of solid compounds using catalytic pyrolysis for its further use in industrial sectors. The biomass of solid compounds is studied as a raw material for production of gasoline fractions due to its low cost and high availability. In addition, several ways for obtaining and converting biomass are studied. At high temperatures (up to 800° C) solid is used to produce synthesis gas by partial oxidation in an autothermal packed bed reactor over catalysts. Biomass is an acidic flammable liquid containing more than 300 compounds. Industrial biomass is not compatible with existing liquid transportation fuels, including gasoline and diesel. In order to use biomass as a conventional liquid transport fuel, it must be catalytically modernized.

The paper discusses the main directions of modern education at the technical universities of Russia in the context of a general psychological basis. As a rule, starting from the second half of the 18 th century the educational process is becoming the object of theoretical, not only pedagogical, but also psychological thought. Naturally, this process was interpreted before the second stage of the development of pedagogical psychology in the context of dominant psychological theories, the positions of which were related to the learning process. The process of learning has been interpreted within the categories and concepts of these theories. Until the end of the last century, the associative theory has been dominating, and at the beginning of the 20 th century two theoriesbehaviorism and Gestalt psychologyformulated the basic provisions of learning. Only at the third stage of development of pedagogical psychology, in the second half of the 20 th century there were independent theories or, more precisely, learning directions. The review considers general psychological provisions of associative theory, behaviorism and Gestalt psychology of education (learning) and developments, which had a considerable impact on the general theory of education.

The research relevance is connected with the orientation of the modern model of education towards the formation of a competitive creative personality, with the need for constant self-improvement and self-development. It should be noted that the effectiveness of student learning is largely determined by the level of motivation, interest and personal participation of subjects. Therefore, the article is aimed at disclosing mechanisms for the development of students' learning motivation through a system of differentiated tasks. The leading approach to study of a problem was a personal approach, the purpose of which is to identify the issue under discussion from the point of view of dialogism, subjectivity and individuality. This document presents the characteristics of the developed and tested system of differentiated problems of mathematics, focused on the development of student learning motivation, as well as the provision of empirical data on the results of implementation. It also describes the principles on which we defined three levels of tasks in mathematics: “palgorithms”, “tasks of finding tasks” and “creative tasks”.

The article studies the impact of drilling waste and industrial water on the fauna of the aquatic environment. The analysis of the impact of emissions on the continental shelf is presented. The study revealed that in the ecological system of the marine continental shelf, the source of pollution is drilling waste and industrial water. The latest studies of the impact of drill cuttings and industrial water on the fauna of the continental shelf were analyzed, their specific impact on inhabitants of the aquatic fauna were examined, the role of alkyl phenols and polyaromatic hydrocarbons was studied. This article also analyzes detrimental effects of formation water on the fauna of the marine world. Alkylphenols (AF) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are part of industrial water, accumulate and settle in the mitochondria of cells of living organisms. They are rapidly metabolized in the body. It was also revealed that alkyl phenols, naphthenic acids and polyaromatic hydrocarbons can disrupt reproductive functions and affect chemical, biochemical and genetic biomarkers. Water-based drill cuttings can affect the biomarkers in the filter which is manifested in the increased oxygen consumption by living organisms, which destriys the marine fauna.

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