The number of primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed in the United States each year continues to climb, as does the incidence of infectious complications. The changing profile of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has made preventing and treating primary THA infections increasingly complex. The goal of this review was to summarize (1) the published data concerning the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) after primary THA by type of bacteria and (2) the effect of potentially modifying factors. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched. Studies dated between 2001 and 2011 examining primary THA in adults were included. Meta-analysis of the collected data was performed. The pooled SSI rate was 2.5% (95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.4%-4.4%; P<.001; n=28,883). The pooled deep prosthetic joint infection (PJI) rate was 0.9% (95% Cl, 0.4%-2.2%; P<.001; n=28,883). The pooled rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SSI was 0.5% (95% Cl, 0.2%-1.5%; P<.001; n=26,703). This is approximately 20% of all SSI cases. The pooled rate of intraoperative bacterial wound contamination was 16.9% (95% Cl, 6.6%-36.8%; P=.003; n=2180). All these results had significant heterogeneity. The postoperative risk of SSI was significantly associated with intraoperative bacterial surgical wound contamination (pooled rate ratio, 2.5; 95% Cl, 1.4%-4.6%; P=.001; n=19,049).

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Study/Objective: The objective of this study is to clarify basic information about Syrian refugees who are living in Turkey and to share formal data about refugees' life conditions in Turkey. Background: Throughout history, migration is one of the most important problems of humanity. Particularly in some areas where people suffer from conflicts, violations, and lack of basic needs, this situation is more difficult. Since the beginning of the Syrian conflict in 2011, increasing number of refugees have come to Turkey for asylum. Most of them are children and women. Unfortunately, this dangerous voyage from Syria has ended up with not only social or economic problems, but also dramatic humanitarian needs. Methods: In this study, authors have conducted descriptive data analysis by viewing formal data from government authorities and scientific articles from the literature. Results: From the outset of the conflict, Turkey has followed an open door policy to refugees. Since that time, about 3-million people have come to Turkey and try to adopt a new life. Currently 300-thousand of the refugees have been living in 26 temporary protection centers (TPC) that were established in 10 different cities near the Syrian border. The protection centers have been managed by the Emergency Authority of Turkey. The other 2.7 million refugees have been living in different cities and regions in Turkey. Over 60% of the refugees consist of women and children. In the TPCs, some facilities such as accommodation, food, health, education, and other humanitarian needs are provided by the Emergency Management Authority of Turkey. About 311,000 thousand children continue their education, and 100,000 of the adult refugees have been educated by the Ministry of Education of Turkey. Conclusion: The coordination between international organizations and Turkey need to be enhanced to provide more effective facilities for refugees.