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Background: Self-Medication is medicine consumption without prescription regardless of the cause, amount, and duration of use. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of self-medication and associated factors among a sample of students of Tehran in 2016. Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study was conducted with participation of 1269 students from three universities in Tehran, Iran. The samples were selected by cluster sampling method. Data collection tool in this study was a researcher made questionnaire including 62 questions. Validity of questionnaire was approved by CVI and CVR approaches. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 19 and using the central indices, t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression. Results: mean age of students was 21.13±1.19 years. 80.7% of participants had a history of self-medication in the past six months. The highest rate of self-medication in both genders was belonged to headache 65.4%, colds 41.9%, cough and sore throat 27.2%,. Results showed that there was a statistically significant differences between self-medication with gender, university, and level of knowledge (p <0.05). Conclusion:Our study and other studies have shown high levels of Self-medication in this group of society. In our study self-medicate was associated with being male, lower awareness and non-medical student. It seems that it is necessary to implement strict rules and regulations to prevent access to drugs without prescription in order to reducing the self-medication. As well as conducting education about the negative effects of drugs for students and other community groups is essential.

Background & Aims of the Study: A major factor affecting health is regular physical activity. Physical activity reduces the risk of infectious diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the Perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy of physical activity of the administrative staff of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a sample of 300 employees of the administrative staff of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran City, Iran, was selected by a convenience sampling method. The study variables included demographic information, perceived benefits and barriers, and self-efficacy physical activity. SPSS v. 16 was used to analyze the obtained data using the Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal- Wallis test, and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The collected results indicated a significant relationship between personal (P<0.03) and interpersonal (P<0.001) benefits and gender. Moreover, among the barriers, only environmental barriers had a significant relationship with gender (P<0.03). A significant association was observed between benefits and barriers and self-efficacy (P<0.01). The most common (environmental) barriers were the lack of sports space for men (51.6%) and women (62.9%), and being away from sports spaces for men (41.5%) and women (49.4%); the (personal) barriers were time-consuming for men (38.5%), women (43%). The most common benefits were better sleep for men (96.9%) and improved appearance for women (95.3%). The most general self-efficacy was exercising alone in men (61.5%) and women (56.5%). Conclusion: The staff expressed common barriers to physical activity. These barriers should be considered in designing health care policies and interventions such as providing sports facilities to promote physical activity.