In this research, 'Pedro' walnut variety (maternal parent) was open pollinated. Offspring genotypes were compared with their maternal parent in terms of morphological and molecular features. Leafing and leaf fall dates were measured as two phenological traits. Genetic differences were identified by molecular fingerprinting using twelve Inter Simple Repetitive Sequence Polymorphism (ISSR) primers. In some progenies, leafing and leaf fall occurred later than the maternal parent ('Pedro'). Progenies were grouped according to their similarities with the maternal parent regarding leafing date. Specifically, 14.44% of the progenies were 'Very close' to the parent, 16.66% were 'Close', 30.00% 'Far' and 38.89% 'Very far'. Regarding the leaf fall date, 7.78% of the progenies were 'Very close' to the parent, 28.88% were 'Close', 36.66% 'Far' and 26.67% 'Very far'. A total of 43 bands were obtained in molecular analyses. These bands were largely polymorphic (95.34%). The average number of the alleles was 3.90, while the polymorphism information content varied between 0.14 and 0.91 among the genotypes. Genetic distances were tested according to the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average) and by The Structure Analysis. The UPGMA dendrogram divided the genotypes into two main clusters and the similarity coefficient of the genotypes varied between 0.61 and 0.99. This study revealed that 'Pedro' can be used as an excellent parental variety in hybridization programs which prioritize late-leafing in walnut breeding. Furthermore, ISSR primers can be safely used for fingerprinting walnuts in general.

Consumers have already tended to choose natural plant crops over processed plant produces, like carrot (Daucus corota L.) which is one the very nitrous horticultural crops enjoyed by all ages. Although carrot is rich in fiber and minerals, it is primarily cherished for high beta-carotene content. Moreover, the root contains some other bioactive compounds including other forms of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C and polyactylenes. Carotenoid especially beta-carotenes is known for supplying vitamin A and a strong antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds present in carrots such as chloregenic acids have also antioxidant activities as well. Carrots contain considerable quantity of ascorbic acid which possesses an antioxidant activity and also takes a part some in biological processes. Carrot roots have polyacetylenes, once viewed as toxicants due to being potent skin sensitizers and irritants, which are neurotoxic at high concentrations, more recently they have been considered bioactive compounds. The phytochemical compounds present in carrots may be used as complementary medicine for the prevention and treatment of a number of diseases and disorders. This review explores some major phytochemicals and their pharmacological features present in carrot roots.

The effects of culture media and cytokinin types on micropropagation of mature Crataegus aronia L. were investigated. Using single-axillary bud explants, the growth of cultures on MS, WPM, DKW and NRM containing 4.44 lM benzyladenine (BA) plus 0.05 lM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and on NRM containing thidiazuron, metaTopolin (mT) or BA at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 lM plus 0.05 lM IBA were compared. The culture medium had significant effects on shoot number and length. In comparison with MS, DKW and WPM, shoot production was greater on NRM (5.7 shoots per explant). Shoot production on MS, DKW and WPM (4.2, 4.2 and 4.1, respectively) were statistically similar to each other. Thidiazuron was detrimental to shoot formation and caused formation of rosette shoots and/or large callus to form on explants. In the presence of mT, only some of the explants developed into shoots. Benzyladenine was the only cytokinin that promoted both shoot proliferation and shoot elongation. Higher shoot numbers were obtained at 5.0 and 7.5 lM BA compared to lower concentrations of BA. Over 80% of microshoots rooted and rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized to ex vitro conditions.

No abstract

Özet Ak dut Türkiye'de daha çok kurutularak ve pestil yapılarak değerlendirilen bir meyve türüdür. Ancak pekmezi de son yıllarda yöresel olarak da olsa üretilmeye başlanılmıştır. Bingöl'ün Genç ilçesine bağlı Servi yöresi ak dut pekmezi üretimi ile bölgede tanınır hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada Servi'de geleneksel yollar ile üretilen pekmez örneklerinin bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal içerikleri belirlenmiştir. On iki tane pekmez örneğinde renk, toplam kuru madde, kül, yoğunluk, pH, şeker, hidroksimetilfurfural ve toplam fenolik madde tayini yapılmıştır. Pekmezlerin, şeker, özellikle früktoz ve glikoz; fenolik madde içeriği bakımdan zengin değerlere sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Hidroksimetilfurfural miktarı son yıllarda işlenmiş ürünler için önemli bir kalite özelliği olmuş ve limiti standartlar ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Üç pekmez örneği hariç, tüm pekmez örneklerinde hidroksimetilfurfural miktarı TS 112001 Dut Pekmezi Standartlarının belirlediği sınırlar altında bulunmuştur. Pekmez örneklerinden elde edilen veriler Servi pekmezinin kaliteli bir fonksiyonel gıda ürünü olarak kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.