Multiyear (1995–2013) velocity data collected by the Super Dual Auroral Network (SuperDARN) HF radars are considered to investigate the diurnal, seasonal, and solar cycle variation of the polar cap plasma flow speed. By considering monthly data sets, we show that the flows are systematically faster in the dawn/prenoon sector. The effect is particularly strong for interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz < 0, By > 0 and in summer months. For Bz < 0, the flow speed increases with intensification of the IMF transverse component Bt at a rate of 20–30 m/s/nT during near noon summer hours. The dependence is weaker for other seasons and away from noon. For IMF Bz > 0, the flow speed response to the increase in Bt is weak. Despite the general sensitivity of the flow speed to Bt intensity and season, the speed for specific IMF bins and seasons or the speed averaged over a year does not change much over the solar cycle. Overall, the velocity is reduced during years of lowest solar activity, but a progression of the effect throughout the solar cycle was not observed. Inferred diurnal and seasonal trends of the polar cap flow speed are generally consistent with variations in the occurrence of VHF echoes whose onset depends on the strength of the ionospheric electric field or equivalently the magnitude of the plasma flow speed.
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