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Introduction: To determine whether dietary carbohydrates quality index (CQI), glycemic index, and glycemic load is associated with general and abdominal obesity. Methods: 850 participants, 20 to 59 years old, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study from five Tehran districts through health houses. The 168 items in the semi--quantitative food frequency questionnaire were used to assess dietary intake. The CQI was calculated by using the following four components: glycemic index, total fiber, solid carbohydrate to total carbohydrate ratio, and whole grains: total grains ratio. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, the chance of obesity in men (OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.15to 0.95; P=0.04) measured by waist circumference (WC) was significantly lower in the fourth quintile of CQI in comparison with the first quintile. In addition, OR for obesity in men (OR=2.53, 95% CI0.52 to 1.37; P=0.04) was significantly 2.5 times higher among those in the fourth quintile of glycemic index compared with those in the lowest quintile. There was no significant association between dietary carbohydrates with general obesity in men and women. Conclusion: In summary, dietary CQI is significantly inversely related to central obesity in men,according to this study. Additionally, adherence to a diet with a higher glycemic index in men is positively associated with central obesity.

Introduction: Findings of studies on the association between evening meal and obesity are inconclusive. Thus, we sought to investigate the association between major dietary patterns at evening meal and obesity among apparently healthy adults in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted using 833 adult men and women who lived in Tehran (age range: 20-59 years). Their dietary intake was evaluated by three, 24-h dietary recalls(24hDRs), and major patterns were identified using exploratory factor analysis. The association between major dietary patterns at dinner with general and central obesity was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: We identified 3 major dietary patterns at dinner including "prudent", "potatoes and eggs" and"Western" patterns. There was no significant relationship between prudent and general obesity (OR:0.76, 95% CI = 0.21, 1.15, P value = 0.20), and, a significant association was not observed between potatoes and eggs and general obesity (OR: 0.89, 95% CI = 0.60, 1.32, P value = 0.57) also, there was no significant relationship between Western dietary pattern and general obesity in this study (OR: 0.95,95% CI = 0.63, 1.43, P value = 0.82). Further analyses showed that there was no significant relationship between central obesity with any of the dietary patterns. Conclusion: The results of this study do not support a possible relationship between major dietary patterns at dinner with general and central obesity. However, the presented findings should be confirmed in prospective studies.

Background: Breakfast is an important meal of the day that contributes to an overall healthy dietary pattern, better nutrient intake, and diet quality. This study sought to investigate the relationship between breakfast patterns and general and central obesity among middle-aged adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 840 apparently healthy women and men, aged 20-59 years, we assessed usual dietary intake by means of three 24-hour dietary recalls and we took anthropometric measurements. Dietary patterns were subsequently identified by factor analysis. To assess the association between breakfast composition and central and general obesity, logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: We identified three major dietary patterns by factor analysis: the "bread and grains, meat products, and coffee" dietary pattern, the "sweets, tea and coffee" dietary pattern, and the "fruits, vegetables, and eggs" dietary pattern. Those people in the third tertile of the "sweets, tea and coffee" dietary category had a greater chance of having central obesity (odds ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.59; P=0.001). Moreover, higher adherence to the "bread and grains, meat products, and coffee" pattern increased the chance of central obesity (odds ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-1.97; P=0.03). Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that specific breakfast dietary patterns are associated with increased odds of central obesity in Iranian adults.

We aimed to assess the dietary composition of lunch meal using a posteriori derived dietary patterns and to determine the association of lunch composition with obesity in a sample of Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 men and women in Tehran (aged 20-59 y). Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls, and dietary patterns were identified via principal component factor analysis. For each identified pattern, scores were calculated for each participant and then classified into tertiles. Central obesity was defined WHO criteria. General obesity was defined as a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2. Three major dietary patterns were identified at lunch meal using 12 food groups: “Bread, grains and fat”, “Western”, and “Potato and eggs”. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants at the top tertile of the “Bread, grains and fat” dietary pattern had greater odds for a higher waist to hip ratio, compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.07). However, we found no association between ‘Western or ‘“potato and eggs” patterns and waist to hip ratio (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.28 and OR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.42, respectively). None of the identified dietary patterns was associated when defining obesity with waist circumference or body mass index. In conclusion, participants had a greater chance of central obesity defined based on waist to hip ratio following a lunchtime pattern with a higher and positive loading factor for “Bread, grains and fat”.