The objective of this study was to assess relationship between smoking, some other risk factors and ulcers development in intensive care unit. This prospective cohort study was performed in two university-affiliated hospitals. The sample consisted of adult male patients who were admitted to medical-surgical intensive care units. All eligible patients were grouped according to their cigarette smoking status as smoker and non-smoker. The final sample included 160 smokers and 192 non-smokers. Pressure ulcer occurred in 62 smoker patients and 28 of non-smoker who showed significant difference. Also number of pack-year of cigarettes smoking showed significant association with ulcer development. Ulcer stage was significantly different between the two groups. Besides of smoking, age, length of stay, faecal incontinency, diabetes mellitus, anaemia and trauma were significantly associated with pressure ulcers. Our study showed significant association between smoking and development of pressure ulcers.

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In this work, a green method was introduced for preparing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using gum tragacanth extracted from Astragalus verus Olivier. The absence of a chemical reducing agent that may be toxic is an advantage of this method. The Ag NPs were prepared in different tragacanth concentrations, pH values, and temperatures. XRD, FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy analyses confirmed the structure of the synthesised Ag NPs. TEM and FESEM images showed that the prepared Ag NPs have spherical shapes. The FESEM images determined that a pH of 10 and a synthesis temperature of 50°C would be the optimal condition for preparing Ag NPs in this method. The change in concentration of tragacanth does not have much effect on the quality of Ag NPs. Obtained data from DLS revealed that the average diameter of Ag NPs is about 40 nm. The antibacterial activity of the prepared nanoparticles was evaluated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. The results of the antibacterial tests showed that the prepared Ag NPs possess a desirable antibacterial activity.

Introduction: forgiveness is one of the new issues in the scope of family treatment that in recent decades entered the scopes of psychology and family consultation. Purpose: the present study has done with aim of investigating the relationship of forgiveness index with marital satisfaction. Method: this study with a causal-comparative framework was done in domain of descriptive studies. To this aim eighty couples (N=160) from residents of region 2 and region 5 of Tehran city (age range of 18-31 with average age of 20.6) were selected by multiphasic cluster sampling. The data collected through survey and to this aim two questionnaires of measurement of couples’ impunity (response rate=89%) and marital satisfaction questionnaire (response rate=91%) were used. The data were analyzed through Pearson parametric correlation test and t-test. Moreover the qualitative data resulting from demographic evaluations were codified and were analyzed by analysis instrument of qualitative data i.e. Atlas.ti-5.2. Findings: the findings resulted from data analysis represented that there is significant relationship between two indices of forgiveness and marital satisfaction (P<0.05). Besides, the forgiveness index determined 0.40 of variance changes in marital satisfaction variable. Conclusion: the respective findings while including applicable implications can be of high importance in prevention and intervention perspective.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that requires anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, and tissue protectors. To deal with this disease, the pain and inflammation should be relieved in the first stage, and tissue protectors should be used to restore joint damage that limits movement. Therefore, a comprehensive multifunctional core–shell nanocomposite (TFH@TA/AuNPs-HDA) with a continuous anti-inflammatory effect and a special tissue protection potential in the core was designed. Here, the hydrothermal reaction was applied to synthesize the hydrogel core from tragacanth and frankincense gums; then, the shell was self-assembled with tannic acid/gold nanoparticles (TA/AuNPs) and 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (10-HDA). The biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory properties, and tissue protective effect of TFH@TA/AuNPs-HDA were investigated on RAW264.7 cells and in collagen-induced RA rat models. Moreover, the molecular docking demonstrated the interactions of 10-HDA and AuNPs with NF-κB signaling pathway proteins, confirming the anti-inflammatory effect of 10-HDA and AuNP suppression of the NF-κB pathway. The results revealed that TFH@TA/AuNPs-HDA could be an appropriate system for RA therapy due to the synergistic alleviation of inflammation and joint tissue destruction.