As the largest radio telescope in the world, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will lead the next generation of radio astronomy. The feats of engineering required to construct the telescope array will be matched only by the techniques developed to exploit the rich scientific value of the data. To drive forward the development of efficient and accurate analysis methods, we are designing a series of data challenges that will provide the scientific community with high-quality datasets for testing and evaluating new techniques. In this paper we present a description and results from the first such Science Data Challenge (SDC1). Based on SKA MID continuum simulated observations and covering three frequencies (560 MHz, 1400MHz and 9200 MHz) at three depths (8 h, 100 h and 1000 h), SDC1 asked participants to apply source detection, characterization and classification methods to simulated data. The challenge opened in November 2018, with nine teams submitting results by the deadline of April 2019. In this work we analyse the results for 8 of those teams, showcasing the variety of approaches that can be successfully used to find, characterise and classify sources in a deep, crowded field. The results also demonstrate the importance of building domain knowledge and expertise on this kind of analysis to obtain the best performance. As high-resolution observations begin revealing the true complexity of the sky, one of the outstanding challenges emerging from this analysis is the ability to deal with highly resolved and complex sources as effectively as the unresolved source population.

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Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular, autoimmune disease that causes weakness by impairing neuromuscular transmission. According to reports, vaccines can lead to autoimmunity in different ways, and COVID-19 vaccines are suggested to trigger MG. We conducted this systematic review to assess MG patients after the COVID-19 vaccination. Methods We collected 231 studies from four databases from inception to 26 March 2022. Results 4 case studies were selected from 231 research studies, and data were extracted based on inclusion criteria. In all cases, MG was reported following COVID-19 vaccination. Symptoms such as muscle weakness, numbness, and ptosis were common. The MG was confirmed through RNST, MRC, NCS, and AchR-binding antibody titer tests. Conclusion Although all cases of MG were diagnosed following appropriate tests, the sample size was small; therefore, further investigation is required to demonstrate the possible association between MG and COVID-19 vaccination.

An increasing number of new strategies for skin tissue engineering have been developed with the potential to mimic the biological properties of native tissue with a high degree of complexity, flexibility, and reproducibility. In this study, decellularized tissue (DT) was prepared from the bovine heart by using chemical treatments. However, the mechanical properties of the DT constructs were poorer than the extra cellular matrix of the skin tissue. To overcome this challenge, hybrid scaffolds of DT and graphene oxide (GO) were developed and the effects of the GO concentration on the morphology, pore size, porosity, mechanical strength, and water uptake capacity of the samples were evaluated. Moreover, the biocompatibility of hybrid scaffolds was studied by Live/Dead staining. The results show that a hybrid scaffold incorporating 3  % graphene oxide improved the mechanical strength and cell viability by ~25  % in comparison to the DT scaffolds. Cell viability results confirmed that the porous scaffolds could support cell adhesion, proliferation, and cell activity for 7 days. This study provides new insight into and opportunities for using graphene‐based materials to develop biomimetic constructs for clinical applications.

As an abundant component of secondary cosmic rays at the Earth, muons carry significant data, such as information on mass number of primary particles producing extensive air showers. Anyhow, the total muon flux is an important observable in many phenomena, for example it is suggested that the muon flux is influenced by the level of solar activity at the Earth, while the neutrino anomaly and hadronic interaction models are studied through the products of muon decay. As a result a part of any cosmic ray detector is designed to observe muons, count and evaluate their energy and angular distribution. Thus a simple method was started in Research Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Maragha, University of Maragheh, to study the recorded tracks of particles by an astronomical CCD at 1478 m above sea level. To analyze recorded data and determine the muon flux from experiments, the flux of secondary atmospheric muons simulated with CORSIKA code (version 6.9) to study the muon angular distribution for our geographical location (latitude: 46.2534°E, longitude: 37.3892°N). The data used here were gathered during a ground run on 4 months (of 2016 and 2017), at Maragheh, Iran. The paper presents numerical results of the muon’s flux obtained at 1478 m above sea level which is in good agreement with expected values from simulations. The results were compared with experimental data from different experiments.