In this work, an alginate–montmorillonite–polyaniline (Alg–MMT–PANI) nanocomposite (NC) was synthesized and applied for the adsorptive removal of reactive Orange 13 (RO13) as a model azo dye compound. The Alg–MMT–PANI NC was prepared by the polymerization of aniline in the presence of Alg–MMT hybrid through in situ polymerization. The optimization and modeling of the removal process was carried out using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). Important parameters influencing the adsorption removal of RO13, including the initial concentration of RO13, pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time, were selected as input variables for RSM. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetic studies revealed that the experimental data best fitted with a pseudo‐second‐order model. Additionally, adsorption isotherm studies revealed that the obtained data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model and, accordingly, the maximum adsorption capacity, qm , was obtained at level of 111.111 mg/g.

Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Although novel treatments have improved patient survival in melanoma, the overall prognosis remains poor. To improve current therapies and patients outcome, it is necessary to identify the influential elements in the development and progression of melanoma.Due to UV exposure and melanin synthesis, the melanocytic lineage seems to have a higher rate of ROS (reactive oxygen species) formation. Melanoma has been linked to an increased oxidative state, and all facets of melanoma pathophysiology rely on redox biology. Several redox-modulating pathways have arisen to resist oxidative stress. One of which, the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), has been recognized as a master regulator of cellular response to oxidative or electrophilic challenges. The activation of Nrf2 signaling causes a wide range of antioxidant and detoxification enzyme genes to be expressed. As a result, this transcription factor has lately received a lot of interest as a possible cancer treatment target.On the other hand, Nrf2 has been found to have a variety of activities in addition to its antioxidant abilities, constant Nrf2 activation in malignant cells may accelerate metastasis and chemoresistance. Hence, based on the cell type and context, Nrf2 has different roles in either preventing or promoting cancer. In this study, we aimed to systematically review all the studies discussing the function of Nrf2 in melanoma and the factors determining its alteration.