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Objective: This study compared depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life in drug abusers with normal population. Given that the above mentioned factors are pivotal in continuing addiction. Materials and Methods: In this comparative study, one hundred drug abusers who were admitted to quit addiction clinic in Rasht with one hundred normal people who were relatives of patients or staff in health centers as control group underwent study. Depression, anxiety and stress were assessed by DASS-21 and sf-36 questionnaire was used for quality of life assessment. Analysis of the results was performed using SPSS software (ver. 16). Results: The results showed that compared with normal individuals addicted to opiates significantly depression, anxiety and stress were higher. The quality of life of ordinary people was also significantly higher than those addicted to opiates. Depression, anxiety and stress were found to be negatively correlated with quality of life. Conclusion: Based on our findings, we can say, addiction, depression, anxiety and stress are related to the formation of a vicious cycle where addicts due to the loss of prestige and hit a by stander family, and the feelings of guilt and the legal treatment of depression, anxiety and more stress than individuals with and taking refuge in the lap of addiction try to get rid of these thoughts and feelings. This leads to a vicious cycle which will eventually lead to low quality of life for these individuals.

BackgroundTrauma, especially chest and abdominal trauma are increasing due to the growing number of vehicles on the roads, which leads to an increased incidence of road accidents. Urbanization, industrialization and additional problems are the other associated factors which accelerate this phenomenon. A better understanding of the etiology and pattern of such injuries can help to improve the management and ultimate the outcomes of these patients.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the patients with chest and abdominal trauma hospitalized in the surgery ward of Poursina teaching hospital, Guilan, Iran.Patients and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the data of all chest and abdominal trauma patients hospitalized in the surgery ward of Poursina teaching hospital were collected from March 2011 to March 2012. Information about age, gender, injured areas, type of injury (penetrating or blunt), etiology of the injury, accident location (urban or rural) and patients' discharge outcomes were collected by a questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 211 patients with a mean age of 34.1 ± 1.68 years was entered into the study. The most common cause of trauma was traffic accidents (51.7%). Among patients with chest trauma, 45 cases (35.4%) had penetrating injuries and 82 cases (64.6%) blunt lesions. The prevalence of chest injuries was 35.5% and rib fractures 26.5%. In chest injuries, the prevalence of hemothorax was 65.3%, pneumothorax 2.7%, lung contusion 4% and emphysema 1.3%, respectively. There were 24 cases (27.9%) with abdominal trauma which had penetrating lesions and 62 cases (72.1%) with blunt lesions. The most common lesions in patients with penetrating abdominal injuries were spleen (24.2%) and liver (12.1%) lesions. The outcomes of the patients were as follow: 95.7% recovery and 4.3% death. The majority of deaths were observed among road traffic victims (77.7%).ConclusionsConsidering the fact that road-related accidents are quite predictable and controllable; therefore, the quality promotion of traumatic patients' care, and the road safety should be noted as problems associated with public health.

Background: The National Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Registry in Iran (NSCIR-IR), was implemented initially in three hospitals as a pilot phase from 11 Oct 2015 to 19 Jun 2016 and has been active in eight centers from 19 Jun 2016. Poursina Hospital, a trauma care referral center in Rasht, Guilan Province of Iran is one of the registry sites, and has been involved in registering eligible patients since 1 Jan 2016. This study aimed to identify the challenges and solutions for sustaining the NSCIR-IR in a regional center. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study. For the quantitative analysis, a retrospective observational design was used to measure case capture or case identification rate, mapping cases in the registry against those eligible for registry inclusion amongst the register of hospital admissions. For the qualitative component, data was collected using focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews, followed by thematic analysis. Results: From 19 Jun 2016 to 24 Jan 2018, the proportion of case capture (case identification rate) was 17%. The median time between case identification and data entry to the system was 30.5 d (range: 2 to 193 d). Thematic analysis identified a lack of trained human resources as the most important cause of low case identification rate and delay in data completion. Conclusion: Recruitment and education to increase trained human resources are needed to improve case capture, the timeliness of data input and registry sustainability in a regional participating site.

Background and Aim: Traumatic subdural hygroma is the accumulation of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) in subdural space following head trauma. The mass effect of hygroma on brain can impinge on consciousness. There are still many ambiguities on indications of hygroma surgery. This is an 11-year follow-up study which involves the patients suffering traumatic subdural hygroma who underwent surgery. Methods & Materials/Patients: In this retrospective study, clinical records of 16 patients who were operated due to traumatic subdural hygroma were studied. The data from existing records in the hospital were collected and analyzed. They were then analyzed by Repeated Measures ANOVA using SPSS (Version 18). The differences were considered statistically significant at P≤0.05. Results: In this study, there were 13 men (81.3%) and 3 women (18.7%) (Mean age=62 years old). In 87.75% of patients, hygroma was diagnosed 6 days after head injury. It wasunilateral in majority of patients (56.3%) and located in fronto-parietal area (81.3%). The most frequent concomitant injuries were contusions (25%) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (18.8%), respectively. GCS trend on admission and at discharge was significantly different fromthat of hygroma formation (P<0.05). One-fourth of patients had recurrence of hygroma after surgery. All patients (except one) had good outcome. Conclusion: Subdural hygroma is a delayed lesion and surgical treatment improves the level of consciousness (LOC) in afflicted patients.