In this study, we assessed the association between the dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adults in a cross-sectional study. We enrolled 850 adult men and women aged 18–65 years who had been referred to health centers in Tehran, Iran. The DPI was calculated based on 8 components including fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, soy products, nuts, seeds, olive, and olive oil. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the MetS across quartiles of the DPI were calculated using the logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, energy intake, marital status, education status, occupation, smoking status, physical activity, and body mass index. The mean age of participants was 44.7 ± 10.7, of whom 69% were women. The prevalence of MetS was 30.5%. The mean score of DPI in women and men was 36.2 ± 26.8 and 33.7 ± 24.7, respectively. There was no significant association between DPI and odds of MetS in men (OR fourth vs. first quartile ,1.57; 95% CI, 0.64–3.84) and women (OR fourth vs. first quartile , 0.86; 95% CI, 0.50–1.49) in the fully adjusted model. There was an inverse association between DPI and increased risk of central obesity in women (OR fourth vs. first quartile , 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29–1.00; p trend = 0.03). There was no significant association between DPI and other components of the MetS in men and women. Finally, we observed no significant association between the DPI and the odds of MetS. However, the finding suggests that having a phytochemical-rich diet can be inversely associated with abdominal obesity.

Objective. We aimed to assess the association of the oxidative balance score (OBS) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. Design. A population-based cross-sectional study Setting. Health centers from five districts in Tehran, Iran. Methods. We recruited 847 participants with an age range of 18-65 years. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168 items. The OBS was calculated by using the following 13 dietary and nondietary anti- and prooxidant components: dietary antioxidants (selenium, fiber, β-carotene, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate), dietary prooxidants (iron and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids), and nondietary anti- (physical activity) and prooxidants (smoking and obesity). The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the MetS and its components across tertiles of the OBS were calculated by logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, energy intake, occupation, and educational level. Results. The range of OBS was between 16 and 39. Being in the top versus the bottom tertile of the OBS was not associated with the MetS ( OR = 0.71 , 95% CI 0.48-1.03; P = 0.07 ), after controlling for potential confounders. Higher OBS score was associated with a lower likelihood of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.38-0.81; P = 0.003 ) and increased diastolic blood pressure (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.41-0.99; P = 0.04 ). Higher OBS was not associated with other components of the MetS. Conclusion. Overall, the present study showed that there was no significant relationship between OBS and MetS in Tehranian adults.

No abstract

Accumulating evidence regarding the effect of artichoke on lipid profile is equivocal. We updated a previous meta‐analysis on the effect of artichoke extract supplementation on lipid profile and performed dose–response analysis. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to June 2021 using relevant keywords. Papers from identified articles were collected. Two researchers rated the certainty in the estimates using the GRADE approach. Combining 15 effect sizes from 14 studies based on the random‐effects analysis, we found that artichoke significantly reduced TG (weighed mean difference [WMD]: −17.01 mg/dl, 95% CI: −23.88, −10.13, p = .011), TC (WMD: −17.01 mg/dl, 95% CI: −23.88, −10.13, p < .001), and LDL‐C (WMD: −17.48 mg/dl, 95%CI: −25.44, −9.53, p < .001). No significant effect of artichoke on HDL‐C level was detected (WMD: 0.78 mg/dl, 95%CI: −0.93, 2.49, p = .371). Combining the two effect sizes revealed that artichoke juice supplementation significantly reduced TG (WMD: −3.34 mg/dl, 95%CI: −5.51, −1.17, p = .003), TC (WMD: −18.04 mg/dl, 95%CI: −20.30, −15.78, p < .001), LDL‐C (WMD: −1.75 mg/dl, 95%CI: −3.02, −0.48, p = .007), and HDL‐C levels (WMD: −4.21 mg/dl, 95%CI: −5.49, −2.93, p < .001). In conclusion, we found that artichoke supplementation may favor CVD prevention by acting in improving the lipid profile.

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the potential association of dietary (DIS) and lifestyle inflammation score (LIS) and their joint association (DLIS) with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in Tehranian adults.DesignThe present study was designed cross-sectional.ParticipantsA total of 265 males and females aged 18–70 years (mean ± SD: 36.9 ± 13.3) were entered in the present cross-sectional study. Eligible participants were healthy men and women who were free of medications and had no acute or chronic infection or inflammatory disease.MeasuresThe DIS was calculated by the use of data from 18 anti- and pro-inflammatory dietary components, and the LIS by three non-dietary components including physical activity, smoking status, and general adiposity, with higher scores indicating a more pro-inflammatory diet and lifestyle, respectively. The DLIS was calculated by summing the DIS and LIS. CRF was assessed by the Bruce protocol and VO2 max was measuredas the main variable of CRF. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CRF across tertiles of the DIS, LIS, and DLIS were estimated by logistic regression analysis with considering age, gender, energy intake, marital and education status, and occupation as confounders.ResultsThe DLIS ranged from −2.10 to 0.38 (mean ± SD: −1.25 ± 0.64). In the model that controlled for all variables, the ORs of CRF for the second and third tertiles of the DLIS as compared to the first tertile were 0.42 (95%CI: 0.20, 0.90) and 0.12 (95%CI: 0.05, 0.32), respectively (P-trend &lt; 0.001). There was a strong inverse association between the LIS and CRF (ORthirdvs.firsttertile: 0.12, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.32). There was no association between DIS and CRF.ConclusionThe present study examined the joint association of inflammation-related lifestyle behaviors with CRF and found a strong inverse association between a pro-inflammatory lifestyle with CRF. We did not find any association between dietary inflammatory properties with CRF. Future studies should address the relationship between the inflammatory potential of the diet and CRF.