Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of meperidine and bupivacaine on maternal hemodynamic changes prior to anesthesia and compare it with post-intervention. Methods: In this clinical trial, the rate of postoperative analgesia on 90 healthy women candidates for elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia was evaluated by meperidine, bupivacaine, and a combination of these two drugs. The study was conducted on 90 patients, including 30 patients receiving injection of meperidine, 30 patients receiving injection of bupivacaine, and 30 patients receiving injection of meperidine plus bupivacaine. Nausea, vomiting, headache, itching, and shortness of breath were also recorded. Results: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure in the meperidine group were significantly lower than those detected before the intervention (P < 0.05). The mean SpO2 index was significantly decreased in meperidine and meperidine+bupivacaine groups (P < 0.05). The prevalence of nausea, vomiting and itching was higher in meperidine group compared to those in the other two groups (P = 0.032). Conclusions: In sum, the prevalence of nausea, vomiting, and itching in the meperidine group was higher than those in the other two groups. Due to almost equal performance of meperidine and meperidine plus bupivacaine in analgesia, the stabilization of other hemodynamic indices in the meperidine plus bupivacaine group, and the decline in the prevalence of nausea, vomiting, and itching, this combination may have been a good alternative to meperidine.

Background: Sleep disorders are common among hospitalized children. Aromatherapy is one of the interventions with demonstrated effectiveness in improving sleep quality. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of orange essential oil inhalation on the sleep quality of hospitalized children. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 70 children admitted to Valiasr Hospital in Birjand selected by the convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned to two groups of orange essential oil receivers and the control group. In the intervention group, aromatherapy was performed every day for three days in three shifts (10 am, 4 pm, and at the usual bedtime). The researcher completed the BEARS sleep quality questionnaire at the beginning and end of the intervention period. Data analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS version 16 statistical software and chi-square, Mann-Whitney, paired t-test, McNemar, and t-test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic characteristics of the children in the two groups (p>0.05). The results showed no significant difference between the two study groups before the intervention regarding different sleep quality domains (p<0.05). After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two studied groups in the domains of difficulty in falling asleep, waking up during the night, and disturbance in the regularity and duration of sleep (p<0.05), and the intervention group had better scores than the control group. Conclusion:The present demonstrated that inhalation of orange essential oil had a favorable effect on the sleep quality of hospitalized children. This intervention can be introduced and implemented as an effective method to improve the sleep quality of hospitalized children.

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