A palladium/phosphorus-functionalized porous organic polymer with tunable surface wettability was successfully prepared. The catalyst displayed high catalytic activity for the water-mediated Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of aryl chlorides.

Small palladium nanoparticles stabilized with phosphine-functionalized PIP displayed high catalytic activity for nitroarenes hydrogenation. Nano-size Pd particles, electron-donation effect of phosphine ligand, and surface wettability account for its excellent catalytic performance.

Background: Minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) can minimize surgical incision, tissue damage, and intraoperative blood loss in the treatment of spondylolisthesis. However, there is a lack of evidence-based research to confirm its clinical efficacy.Methods: Chinese and English databases were searched with "open", "minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion", "MIS-TLIF", "spondylolisthesis", and "open transforaminal interbody fusion" as search terms. Rev Man 5.3 provided by the Cochrane system was used to assess the quality of the literature. Results: Of the 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 7 references were level A (58.34%), 4 were B level (33.33%), and 1 reference was C level (8.33%). There was a statistically significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between MI-TLIF and open transforaminal interbody fusion (O-TLIF) in the treatment of spondylolisthesis [mean difference (MD) =−349.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): (−410.66, −288.03), P<0.00001]. There was also a statistically significant difference in visual analogue scale (VAS) scores before and after MI-TLIF at the last follow-up [MD =5.72, 95% CI: (4.83, 6.62), P<0.00001], and in the complication rate between MI-TLIF and O-TLIF [odds ratio (OR) =0.48, 95% CI: (0.30, 0.76), P<0.00001].Discussion: This meta-analysis confirmed that MI-TLIF could significantly reduce intraoperative blood loss, mitigate patient pain, and reduce the incidence of complications without increasing the operation time in the treatment of spondylolisthesis.

The development of bifunctional ionic polymers as heterogeneous catalysts for effective, cocatalyst- and metal-free cycloaddition of carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates has attracted increasing attention. However, facile fabrication of such polymers having high numbers of ionic active sites, suitable types of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), and controlled spatial positions of dual active sites remains a challenging task. Herein, imidazolium-based ionic polymers with hydroxyl/carboxyl groups and high ionic density were facilely prepared by a one-pot quaternization reaction. Catalytic evaluation demonstrated that the presence of HBDs (hydroxyl or carboxyl) could enhance the catalytic activities of ionic polymers significantly toward the CO2 cycloaddition reaction. Among the prepared catalysts, carboxyl-functionalized ionic polymer (PIMBr-COOH) displayed the highest catalytic activity (94% yield) in the benchmark cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epichlorohydrin, which was higher than hydroxyl-functionalized ionic polymer (PIMBr-OH, 76% yield), and far exceeded ionic polymer without HBDs groups (PIMBr, 54% yield). Furthermore, PIMBr-COOH demonstrated good recyclability and wide substrate tolerance. Under ambient CO2 pressure, a number of epoxides were smoothly cycloadded into cyclic carbonates. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculation verified the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between epoxide and the HBDs of ionic polymers. Furthermore, a possible mechanism was proposed based on the synergistic effect between carboxyl and Br− functionalities. Thus, a facile, one-pot synthetic strategy for the construction of bifunctional ionic polymers was developed for CO2 fixation.

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