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Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is “a heterogeneous disease,” defined by a wide range of genetic alterations and molecular mutations that have an effect on clinical outcomes and could be used to develop new drugs. In AML, the immune system is tricked and actively suppressed by leukemia itself and by mechanisms that leukemia picked up through further mutations under suppression of selection. Myeloblasts in Acute myeloid leukemia can evasion the naturak killer cell killing by many ways, one of the these way, the myelocblast cells shed NKG2D soluble ligand (MIC A/B and or ULPB 1-6) in blood and bound to NKG2D activation receptor which lead to inhibit activation of NK cells. The Aim of Study: The aim of this study assessment of Soluble ligand (MICA and ULPB-1) in patients with AML. Patients and Methods: Thirty patients newly diagnosed as AML were enrolled in this study, 24 patients out of 30 were follow up after 14 days of tratment. after 30 days of treatment we get result of therapy. twenty healthy looking persons were considered as control subjects. We used ELISA technique to detection the level of soluble legand (MICA and ULPB-1). Results: The study showed that in order level of sMICA, there were significant differences in AML patients at diagnosis and after 14 days of treatment in comparison to control subjects while there were no significant differences in the level of sULPB1 between AML patients at diagnosis and after 14 days of treatment in comparison to control subjects. Conclusion: This study showed that there was an elevated level of sMICA in AML patients at diagnosis and 14 days to treatment while there was no elevated level of sULPB1 in comparison to the control group.

Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a life-threatening condition caused by the presence of microorganisms, generally caused by a range of bacteria in the blood. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as biomarkers of pediatric BSI. Methodology: The study was conducted on 150 blood samples collected from the patient who admitted to Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad. During the period from November 2020 to March 2021, ninety blood samples from them were positive culture and 60 blood samples were negative culture (control group). The isolates were identified depending on the morphological, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests. Moreover, serum was obtained from all participants for the determination of the screening level of human PCT measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and CRP by slide agglutination test. Results: The results in this study revealed that the mean levels of serum PCT and CRP in Gram-negative group and Gram-positive group were significantly difference from the control group. Conclusions: The adoption of these biomarkers as routine diagnostic tests for sepsis may help in the early diagnosis of pediatric sepsis.

Background: Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disease, its incidence is 4-6 per million per years while its prevalence is 40-60 per million. The distinctive facial characteristics are prognathism prominent forehead, and large hands and feet. This happens after the fusion of growth plates; separating acromegaly from gigantism that occurs before growth plates are closed. Interferon-gamma was checked in (80) acromegalic patients (50% are diabetics and 50% are non-diabetics) while (40) persons were regareded as healthy control group being non-diabetic, non-acromegalic. Aim of the study: To find out impact lnterferon-gamma in diabetic acromegalic versus non-diabetic acromegalic patients. Methods: Eighty acromegalic subjects were enrolled in across sectional study by measuring the level of lnterferon-gamma in the sera of diabetics and non-diabetics as 39 are diabetics while the remaining 41 patients are non-diabetic. Result: lnterferon-gammais high among diabetic acromegalic patients when compared with non-diabetic acromegalic subjects. Conclusion: Interferon gamma is high in acromegalic diabetic patients, nondiabetic acromegalic patients, and controls (100%, 97.6%, and 97.5%, respectively). Interferon gamma is elevated in patients with acromegaly only in the age group of 30–39 years, but in those with diabetes, the elevation is noticed later within the age group of 40–49 years as if concomitant diabetes delays its elevation.

Background: Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical status due to hypersecretion of thyroid hormones by diffuse goiter (Grave’s disease [GD]), multinodular goiter, single toxic adenoma, and pituitary adenoma secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) rarely. GD: It is diffuse toxic goiter (GD) or (Basedow disease) it is a triad of: Diffuse toxic goiter, hyperthyroidism, and exophthalmos (proptosis). Aims: 1. Positivity of TRAb and TPO in thyrotoxic subjects. 2. Correlation of the titer of these antibodies with the clinical status of the patients. 3. Correlation between TRAb and TPO titer. 4. To find out if TPO titer on enrollment has any correlation with the clinical status of the patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in the National Diabetes Center–Mustansiriyah University in the period from November 2021 to April 2022 where 93 patients with GD are enrolled to check their thyroid status and check some biochemical variables in their sera as thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAB), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody, TSH, and free thyroxine (FT4). 44.6% are women and 35.7% are men, at the time of recreuitment 49.4% are toxic while the remaining 58.6% are euthyroid being on anti thyroid drugs. 87 persons are recruited as normal euthyroid, they are sex and age-matched, the control TRAb were negative. Results: GD patients are as follows: 54 (58.06%) euthyroid and 39 (41.94%) toxic at the time of recruitment. Eighty-two percent of toxic patients have goiter and 74.07% of euthyroid GD patients have goiter. Ophthalmopathy is found in (64.1% of toxic GD patients and 42.59% of euthyroid GD patients. TPO median in the control, toxic, and euthyroid GD patients is (22.76%), (75%) and (63.5%) (highest among toxic GD patients) (P < 0.001). TSH in the control group has a mean of (2.18 ± 1.72) and a median of (1.89). The TRAb is the highest in toxic GD patients, followed by euthyroid GD patients and the least in the control, its mean is (9.98 ± 8.42), (7.24 ± 7.8) and (0.93 ± 0.15), respectively. It is recommended to conduct a longitudinal study in which patients with GD are checked at variables times in the course of illness (remission and relapse) studying these biochemical and immunological markers in these variable states of thyroid function. Conclusion: Ninety-three thyrotoxic patients, 39 are toxic and 54 are euthyroid on arrival. Eye sings are more in toxic patients, goiter and eye signs are predictor of GD, TRAb is the highest among toxic patients, TPO are higher among GD patients versus the control.