Glaucoma is the ultimate commonly acquired optic neuropathy. It signifies a public health challenge since it causes an irreversible blindness. The single known treatment of the disease is decreasing of intraocular pressure (IOP), which has been revealed to lessen glaucoma progress in a diversity of large proportions of clinical trials. Herein in this literature, we briefly define the optical Renin Angiotensin system (RAS) signaling pathway and define the most essential components, physiological actions of major angiotensin peptides, and the Renin Angiotensin system blockers. And discuss the potential implications of their modulators as a new therapeutic target in glaucoma. The literature has shown that the individual RAS modulators including, Angiotensin converting enzymes 1(ACE1) inhibitors, Angiotensin converting enzymes 2 (ACE2) Activators, Angiotensin receptor-1 (AT-1) blocker, and renin inhibitors have a potentials role in modulation of aqueous humour homodynamic, by neuroprotection of the retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and acceleration of the aqueous humour outflow. In conclusion, RAS modulators have an imperious role in lowering IOP, these compounds will pave the approach for prospect innovation, improvement, and publicizing of novel drugs to treat glaucoma and therefore, aid save vision for millions of people suffering with this slow progressive optic neuropathy.

Rapid development has achieved in treating tumor to stop malignant cell growth and metastasis in the past decade. Numerous researches have emerged to increase potency and efficacy with novel methods for drug delivery. The main objective of this literature review was to illustrate the impact of current new targeting methods to other previous delivering systems to select the most appropriate method in cancer therapy. This review first gave a brief summary of cancer structure and highlighted the main roles of targeting systems. Different types of delivering systems have been addressed in this literature review with focusing on the latest carrier derived from malarial protein. The remarkable advantages and main limitations of the later have been also discussed. PubMed and Science Direct were the main search engines that have been used as information sources to prepare this review. Articles related to cancer targeting system, active and passive processes, current nanoparticles, antibody carriers, and current novel cancer carriers were used as sources in this review. Important points from many references published in the last decade (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018) were selected and included. Several targeting methods were introduced to enhance the efficacy and tolerability of the toxic drug by active and passive processes, but there is still no conclusive carrier without certain drawbacks. A combination of targeting methods probably shows the most appropriate choice for increasing selectivity and safety of anticancer drugs via reducing the concentration of carriers used. I In nt te er rn na at ti io on na al l J Jo ou ur rn na al l o of f A Ap pp pl li ie ed d P Ph ha ar rm ma ac ce eu ut ti ic cs s

Podocyte injury represents the main reason for proteinuria and renal disease in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Recently Liraglutide as a GLP-1 analog is hypothesized to play a vital role in preventing kidney damage by antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect mechanisms. This study was established to evaluate the effect of Liraglutide on deterioration that happens with time in chronic kidney disease. 36 male Wister rats with a weight of 250-300 g were used in this study. All selected animals were examined and determined to be normal on general examination. Rats were divided into three groups (12rats/group): control group: negative control group injected normal saline I.P, induction group: single I.P dose (7.5 mg/kg) of doxorubicin for 14 days then administered 0.5ml/kg normal saline intraperitoneal for 28 days, and treatment group: single I.P dose (7.5 mg/kg) of doxorubicin for 14 days then administered I.P Liraglutide 200μg/kg/day freshly dissolve in 0.5ml /kg normal saline 28 days. The treatment group appeared significantly decreased (P< 0.05) in the pro-inflammatory expression of TNF-α as compared with the induction group, while the treatment group revealed a significant increased (P< 0.05) in the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Besides the effect of Liraglutide on renal deterioration by lowering blood glucose, the main causes of oxidative stress, Liraglutide as GLP-1 analog can reduce the consequence of proteinuria in the cases of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage by decreased pro-inflammatory TNF-α expression and increase expression of BCL-2 in that cell.