Education is an important aspect of care for diabetic patients. This study aimed to compare the effect of education by health care provider and peer on self-care behaviors among Iranian patients with diabetes. In this clinical randomized control trial, we enrolled 120 patients with type 2 diabetes who were referred to the Diabetes Clinic at a university medical center hospital in an urban area of Iran. Participants were randomly allocated into three groups. Patients in care provider group (CPG) received additional education provided by a nurse, other than routine education in a Diabetes Clinic. Patients in peer education group (PEG) received education given by a peer. Patients in control group (CG) received the routine education in accordance with the usual procedures at the Diabetes Clinic. Data collected at baseline and 12 weeks (3 months) were demographic variables and diabetes self-care activities. Self-care behaviors post intervention differed significantly by group; PEG patients demonstrated the greatest improvement. CG patients' self-care behaviors did not change significantly and were significantly lower than scores by CPG and PEG patients. In line with the World Health Organization recommendations, future studies are warranted to confirm the effectiveness of peer-led education among diabetic patients in the Iranian culture.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the application of the Betty Neuman systems model to the care of patient/clients with multiple sclerosis.MethodsThis clinical study resulted from the application of the nursing process to a patient/client admitted with multiple sclerosis in the neurological ward of a hospital in an urban area of Iran.ResultsA patient/client was evaluated according to the Neuman model. Intrapersonal stressors (physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, and spiritual), interpersonal stressors (being away from family and children) and extra-personal stressors (aggression and psychological pressure from the spouse) were found. Based on the examination, 12 nursing diagnoses based on the taxonomy of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International, and nursing care based on three levels of prevention that are important in the view of Neuman, are presented. The results were used in the classification of nursing interventions and the classification and nursing outcomes respectively.ConclusionsThe results suggest the desirability of care and patient/client satisfaction in the evaluation of nursing care based on the Neuman model. The model can be used as a framework to help nurses care for patients/clients. Thus, the application of this model and other models is recommended in the nursing care of patients/clients.

Background:Although the internet has prevailed in every aspect of our life, it can be addictive, especially for the adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between internet addiction in female school students and their mothers' mental health and spiritual wellbeing.Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study conducted on 400 senior high school female students and their mothers. The study sample was selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data was collected by a demographic survey form, Persian version of Internet Addiction Test (IAT), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Spiritual Well Being Questionnaire (SWBQ) and was analyzed by descriptive and inferential (ANOVA, t-test, and linear regression analysis) statistics using SPSS-PC V. 20.Results: About 86% of the students were normal internet users. Around 36.8% of the mothers had mild mental health problems, and 94.3% had high spiritual wellbeing. There was a significant negative relationship between internet addiction and spiritual wellbeing and its two dimensions (religious and existential wellbeing) (r=-0.454, P<0.001). The internet addiction had a significant positive relationship with the mothers' mental health (r=0.341, P<0.001). Conclusion:Studying the problem of internet addiction among female students and paying attention to the mental health and spiritual wellbeing of families, especially mothers, in order to improve their health status seems necessary. Hence, authorities should develop appropriate strategies in this area.