IntroductionBurnout is a popular research topics in service providing jobs, including the health care field. This study aimed at assessing the level of job burnout and to consider the important antecedents which might be related to job burnout among primary health care providers in Iran.MethodsThe participants in this applied cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2013 were 548 primary health care providers who were randomly selected from among those working in Shahroud, Sabzevar, Neishabour, Bojnord (provinces located in the north east of Iran). Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered to the participants and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS through chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression model.ResultsThe burnout mean score among the participants was 54.1 ± 27.2 and the mean scores of burnout components i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were 15.5 ± 13.6, 3.7 ± 5.4 and 35.5 ± 13.5 respectively. In terms of levels of burnout, 64.2% of the participants showed low levels (n = 352), 18.4% average levels (n = 101) and 17.3% high levels (n = 95). A significant relationship was observed between burnout, job resources and interest in job (p ≤ 0.05). However, no significant relationship was observed between burnout and the place (university) of working, age, satisfaction with income, experience, gender, level of education, marital status, housing status, having a second job and place of residence (p ≥0.05).ConclusionLack of personal accomplishment was highly prevalent among the participating primary health care providers. Lack of career advancement and job transfer opportunities may play a role in the burnout of primary health care providers. Therefore, paying attention to this aspect may help to reduce burnout and even increase job engagement.

Background: Quality of life is an important indicator for the assessment of individual health, decision-making, and passing judgment on the overall health of the community. Objectives: This study aimed at comparing the quality of life among fertile and infertile women and the factors affecting it. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the quality of life of 511 infertile women and 1017 fertile women was assessed using the Persian Version of SF36 quality of life questionnaire in 2013. To examine the relationship between demographic variables and quality of life, chi-square test and analysis of variance were used. The relationship between the factors affecting the quality of life was evaluated using multiple regressions. Results: Almost 10.1% of the participants reported low and very low quality of life, 38.6% reported average, and 51.3% reported good or very good quality of life. No significant difference was observed in the level of quality of life in fertile and infertile women (P = 0.8). The subscale mean scores of physical functioning and physical role limitation were significantly lower, and the mean scores of mental health and general health were higher in the fertile women than in the infertile. Conclusions:The results of the present study revealed that infertile women had significantly lower mean scores in the subscales of mental health and general health than the fertile women.

Background and Objective:Social reactions to infertility are one of the concerns infertile people. This study aimed to investigate the social consequences of infertility among urban and rural population of Shahroud in northeast of Iran.Method:This study is a comparative study that was conducted in 2013. In this study, 1,528 women (511 infertile and 1017 fertile ones) were randomly selected. The 36-item questionnaire included 18 items about women’s attitude towards infertility and 18 questions about the consequences of infertility was used. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance and t test.Findings:The prevalence of infertility in rural areas was estimated to be 2.23 percent. 42.2% of the participants were living the city (n= 645) and 57.8 % were living in the village (n=883). 49.2% of the participants had education below high school diploma (n=751), 31.7% had high school diploma (n=484) and 19.2% had university degrees (n=293). 51.9% of the people referred to the infertility problem among distant relatives, 24.9% referred to infertility among the close relatives and 9% reported the infertility among their family members. The mean score of attitude of the fertile was 56.6±7.0 and that of the infertile was 56.8± 6.6 and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There was a significant association between fertility status and encouraging divorce, encouraging remarriage and encouraging adoption (P=0.001).Conclusion:Infertility causes a negative attitude toward infertile people. But the interference of others leads to further encouragement of divorce and remarriage among the infertile people.

Background: Diabetes is among the prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases, which in recent decades has dragged much attentions toward improving care of patients in Iran. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the health-promoting lifestyle of patients with and without diabetes. Methods: In the current study, 150 patients with diabetes and 150 patients without diabetes referred to the Imam Hossein subspecialty Clinic in Shahroud in 2014 were enrolled. Data collection tools included a 52-item lifestyle questionnaire and a 22-item nutritional behavior and dietary habits questionnaire. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and conditional multiple logistic regression. Results: The mean score of nutritional behavior in patients with and without diabetes were 20.9 ± 3.9 and 19.9 ± 4.1, respectively. Over 75% of the patients with diabetes had not passed the training course. The results of multivariate model showed the odds of having diabetes in people with obesity was 2.6 times more than that of the people with normal weight. Interpersonal relationship, stress management, physical activity and nutrition scores in patients with diabetes were significantly lower than those of the patients without diabetes (P < 0.05). Negative relationship was observed between physical activity and diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 0.916; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.850-0.987). Conclusions: Patients with diabetes need more attention and care to manage diabetes to change their lifestyle to adjust with their conditions. Stress management, improved interpersonal relationships, physical activity and diet in this group can have a role to control the disease.

Background: A person's lifestyle plays an important role in his health. This study aimed at determining thehealth-promoting lifestyle and its related factors among the medical students of Shahroud Islamic Azad University. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of500 students of medical sciences were selected using the stratified random sampling method and they completed the health-promoting lifestyle, self-efficacy, and well-being questionnaires. The collected data were entered into SPSS 16 and were analyzed with a T-test, Chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, and a backward regression model. Results: The mean age of the students was 22.25±1.45 and 65% of the participants were female. The mean scores of health-promoting lifestyle, well-being, and self-efficacy were 134.1±23.85, 14.41±5.09, and 41.67±8.05, respectively. Among the students, 32.8% had a health disorder and only 2.2% had a high self-efficacy. Well-being and self-efficacy were statistically correlated with the health-promoting lifestyle (p<0.001). The results showed that out of 17 independent variables, only 4 variables of educational level, academic year, marital status, well-being were the best predictors of health-promoting lifestyle. Conclusion: More than 90% of students had low self-efficacy and more than 30% of them did not have good well-being. Moreover, the health-promoting lifestyle of students was moderate. More attention to the above areas, such as well-being status and applying required interventions, can help to improve the situation.