We report detailed observation of the ‘herring bone’ of a Type II solar radio bursts that occurred on November 3rd, 2010. Data from Space Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (SWPC NOAA), e-CALLISTO, and Nancay RadioHeliograph (NRH) are analyzed. We determine the brightness temperature and degree of circular polarization of the ‘herring bone’ burst. Correlations between the physical parameters and the ‘herring bone’ are examined. Based on the relationship, this is the first study that suggested this ‘herring bone’ was generated through fundamental plasma.

We propose the lightest Kaluza-Klein particle (LKP) γ1 as a cold dark matter (CDM) particle under the WIMP theory by employing the indirect detection of electron-positron (e−e+). We showed that the e−e+ interacts with the magnetic field of the galaxy clusters producing synchrotron emission. By setting the radio emission of galaxy clusters as the upper limit, we studied how many masses of LKP (MLKP ) γ1 will not go beyond the upper limit when they undergo self-annihilation to the standard model (SM). We considered the electroweak (EW) correction in the self-annihilation process and compared it to without the EW correction. We investigated two extreme channels (b¯b and µ+µ−) and introduced our framework into the sample of galaxy cluster environments (A119, A2199, A2142, A2744, A478, A2029) to obtain better constraints on the allowed masses for LKP γ1. In doing this, we obtained the allowed mass range for LKP γ1 in A2199 of 0.1-1.5 TeV without EW correction and 0.2-1.5 TeV with EW correction for the µ+µ− channel. Notably, we showed EW correction excluding <80% (for bb̄ channel) and <25% (for μ+μ− channels) of parameter combinations for all of the clusters except A2029, which are none excluded without EW correction.”