Summary CRISPR‐mediated genome editing using the Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 enzyme is revolutionizing life science by providing new, precise, facile and high‐throughput tools for genetic modification by the specific targeting of double‐strand breaks in the genome of hosts. Plant biotechnologists have extensively used the S. pyogenes Cas9‐based system since its inception in 2013. However, there are still some limitations to its even broader usage in plants. Major restrictions, especially in agricultural biotechnology, are the currently unclear regulatory status of plants modified with CRISPR/Cas9 and the lack of suitable delivery methods for some plant species. Solutions to these limitations could come in the form of new variants of genome editing enzymes that have recently been discovered and have already proved comparable to or even better in performance than S. pyogenes CRISPR/Cas9 in terms of precision and ease of delivery in mammal cells. Although some of them have already been tested in plants, most of them are less well known in the plant science community. In this review, we describe the following new enzyme systems engineered for genome editing, transcriptional regulation and cellular imaging—C2c2 from L. shahii; Cas9 from F. novicida, S. aureus, S. thermophiles, N. meningitidis; Cpf1 from F. novicida, Acidaminococcus and Lachnospiraceae; nickase, split, enhanced and other Cas9 variants from S. pyogenes; catalytically inactive SpCas9 linked to various nuclease or gene‐regulating domains—with an emphasis on their advantages in comparison with the broadly used SpCas9. In addition, we discuss new possibilities they offer in plant biotechnology.

The article relates to SPS Operation entitled Building blocks, tools and systems for future factories-GOSTOP.

Ključne besede: vadba za mišice trupa; preventiva; košarkarice; testiranje zmogljivosti mišic trupa Izvleček Uvod: Raziskave kažejo, da vadba za krepitev mišic trupa oz. stabilizacijska vadba lahko učinkovito preprečuje različne mišično-kostne poškodbe, zlasti hrbtenice. Metode dela: Dvanajst košarkaric je v času pripravljalnega obdobja trikrat na teden izvajalo do-datno, 5-tedensko vodeno vadbo z namenom krepiti mišice trupa. Učinki so bili ovrednoteni pred vadbo, takoj po zaključku programa in tri mesece po zaključeni vadbi s sledečimi testi: Sorensen test, dinamični test dviganja trupa Fitnessgram, test opore na podlakteh in test stranskega mostu. Rezultati: Pri Sorensenovem testu in testu opore na podlakteh se je zmogljivost mišic po vadbenem programu pomembno izboljšala in se po treh mesecih približala izhodiščnim vrednostim. Pri dina-mičnem testu dviganja trupa Fitnessgram in testu stranskega mostu se je zmogljivost mišic trupa po vadbenem programu izboljšala in se ohranila tudi tri mesece po končanem programu. Zaključki: Vadbeni program s poudarkom na krepitvi mišic stabilizatorjev trupa lahko kratkoroč-no izboljša njihovo zmogljivost, vendar po prenehanju ciljanega programa zmogljivost mišic trupa upade kljub ohranjanju visoke ravni telesne dejavnosti. Za doseganje dolgoročnih rezultatov bi bilo potrebno redno izvajati stabilizacijsko vadbo, kar bi najlažje dosegli z vključitvijo vadbe v redni program krepitev mišic košarkaric. Abstract Background: Several studies showed that the addition of trunk muscle or core stability exercises in the sport training programs is an effective prevention of spinal and other musculoskeletal injuries.