A method is presented in which gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) allows quantitative simultaneous detection of mixtures of phenol (Ph), 2-chlorophenol (2-CPh), 3-cholorphenol (3-CPh), and 4-cholorophenol (4-CPh) in aqueous mixtures after being adsorbed on silicalita-1, utilizing selected-ion monitoring (SIM) and full-scan modes mass selective detection. GCMS with SIM at <em>m/z</em> = 64 and <em>m/z</em> = 128 showed good detection selectivity for mixtures of Ph, 2-CPh and 3-CPh (M<sub>1</sub>), and 2-CPh and 4-CPh (M<sub>2</sub>). Silicalita-1 was obtained from an amorphous organo-alumino-silicic gel from rice husk, an abundant and low cost agricultural waste residue that is readily available in large quantities. This product was used as a sorbent for solid phase extraction of organic analytes from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of the three chlorophenol isomers, <em>ortho</em>-, <em>meta</em>-, and <em>para</em>-, by silicalite-1 has been studied independently, showing that <em>meta</em>- and <em>para</em>-chlorophenol isomers are adsorbed more than <em>ortho</em>-chlorophenol. However the adsorption behavior of mixtures of these isomers was not reported. In this work, it was found that when the ortho-isomer is mixed either with <em>meta</em> or <em>para</em>-chlorophenol, considerable differences were observed in the adsorption process; in the studied mixture, the <em>ortho</em>-isomer was adsorbed more than the <em>meta</em>-and <em>para</em>-chlorophenol.
RESUMENLa señal de la amplitud en análisis de Potenciales Evocados Visuales (PEVs) es una variable que depende del tipo de los electrodos, de la fuente luminosa, del estímulo visual y por consecuente, de la intensidad luminosa por lo que es fundamental reportarla para cada diseño experimental y así, garantizar su reproducibilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar una lámpara con 96 LEDs para la adquisición de PEVs en ratas. Se midió la iluminancia y la intensidad luminosa promedio en un sistema espacial XYZ de 8 cm 3 aplicable a un sistema estereotáxico para la fijación de ratas. Se realizaron desplazamientos cada 2 cm en cada plano. Se observó que debido a la distribución geométrica de los LEDs la distribución de la iluminancia no sigue la ley del inverso cuadrado, ya que aumenta conforme la lámpara se aleja. Finalmente, se seleccionó una coordenada para la colocación del ojo de la rata empleando una intensidad luminosa promedio para la adquisición del PEV de 1.043 cd e iluminancia de 128.77 luxes a una distancia ojo-lámpara de 9 cm. Una vez caracterizada la intensidad luminosa y de acuerdo con los PEVs obtenidos, esta lámpara puede utilizarse para estudios PEV en ratas en investigaciones posteriores.
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