Introduction/Objective Currently, analysis of the stability of amputees with diabetes is lacking. The aim of this case study was to examine the effects of unilateral transtibial amputation on the stability and balance confidence of patients with below-knee amputation caused by trauma and diabetes. Methods Seventeen subjects, 12 males and five females, with the average age of 51.47 ± 12.12 years, who use a unilateral transtibial prosthesis, were examined. The balance of 10 traumatic amputees (TTA) and seven diabetic amputees (TDA) was assessed by Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and One-Legged Stance Test (OLST). Plantar pressure distribution was recorded using Gaitview AFA-50. Results For 10 TTA and one TDA, ABC scores were > 80%, the mean value of the TUG test was 11 (range: 8.08-23 seconds). All the subjects could stand on the healthy leg, two women with diabetes were unable to stand on the prosthetic leg. The distribution of load between the healthy and the prosthetic leg showed higher overload on the healthy leg (average: 56.62%). Conclusion The data from this case series describe stability problems of people with transtibial amputation. Plantar pressure distribution has the potential to provide information about the properties of stability in the amputees who use prosthesis.

Arthroscopic partial medial meniscetomy is minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure and in well selected cases is a method of choice for treatment of medial meniscus injuries when repair techniques are not a viable option. It has small rate of complications, low morbidity and fast rehabilitation.

The purpose of the current study was to present the authors’ experiences with the long intramedullary Gamma nail in the treatment of patients with complex femoral fractures. Th is retrospective study included 48 patients with complex femoral fractures. All patients had received fracture fixation treatments with long intramedullary Gamma nails from January 2007 to December 2015. The complex fractures of all patients were classified into 3 types, according to the anatomical locations of the fractures. Type I included combined fractures of the shaft and the proximal femur. Type II included segmental fractures. Type III included combined fractures of the shaft and distal femur. According to the Harris Hip Score, 85.4% of our patients had excellent and very good functional outcomes of the operative procedure. Complications occurred in 7 (14.58%) patients. The most common complications occurred in patients with combined fractures of the shaft and distal femur (50%). Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that the clinical and radiological results after the treatment of complex femoral fractures with the long intramedullary Gamma nail show good outcomes, with a high rate of bone union and minimal soft tissue damage. Experience with this procedure is important to prevent and minimise technical complications.

This study didn't show significant statistical difference between two ways of treatment, but early immobilization is recommended because of better results. In case of Achilles tendon rupture, the advantage should be given to the surgical treatment, especially if younger population is treated.

Our study shows that early open reduction and internal fixation of open distal articular humerus fractures reduces the hospital stay, but does not significantly affect the overall outcomes and complications.