The proposed paper presents the possibility of using the wayside energy storage devices (WESD) for the DC Heavy Rail Transport treating the design, costs and payback time. Moreover a case study comparison for the use of wayside energy storage devices on the heavy transport at the supply voltage of 3.3kV DC is presented. A method of sizing the energy storage devices using vehicle characteristics, traction power supply and running timetable is presented. The paper also presents the cost analysis for the most commonly used energy storage devices and the payback time.

This paper presents a conception of 3 kV DC traction power system based on distribution sources, as an alternative to traditional traction substation. The system consists of supplying modules (SM) installed along the electrified railway line, the distance between adjacent SMs are much shorter, than between traditional traction substations in 3 kV system. Each SM consists of energy storage system (ESS), and could be charged from adjacent, traditional traction substation via catenary, via medium voltage supplying lines, renewable power sources or by energy recuperation. In the article, the main parameters of the proposed supplying system operation have been compared with parameters of the system with traditional traction substation. For this purpose, in a case study, comparison analysis has been carried out for energy losses in catenary, 15-min peak power demand as well as the cost of the system installation. At the end, the reliability analysis has been carried out for proposed distribution power supply system and for traditional one.

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The paper proposes to apply an algorithm for predicting the minimum level of the state of charge (SoC) of stationary supercapacitor energy storage system operating in a DC traction substation, and for changing it over time. This is done to insure maximum energy recovery for trains while braking. The model of a supercapacitor energy storage system, its algorithms of operation and prediction of the minimum state of charge are described in detail; the main formulae, graphs and results of simulation are also provided. It is proposed to divide the SoC curve into equal periods of time during which the minimum states of charge remain constant. To predict the SoC level for the subsequent period, the learning algorithm based on the neural network could be used. Then, the minimum SoC could be based on two basic types of data: the first one is the time profile of the energy storage load during the previous period with the constant minimum SoC retained, while the second one relies on the trains' locations and speed values in the previous period. It is proved that the use of variable minimum SoC ensures an increase of the energy volume recovered by approximately 10%. Optimum architecture and activation function of the neural network are also found.

Energy efficiency of a railway line supplied by 3 kv supply system -a case study of the application of an inverter in a traction substation Efektywność energertyczna linii kolejowej zasilanej napięciem 3 kv dc -studium przypadku zastosowania falownika w podstacji trakcyjnej Abstract Due to energy saving policy in the European Union and development of power electronics technology, one might expect an increase in the use of solutions, such as inverters in the substations of the 3 kV DC power supply system. The paper includes a study case of the analysis of traffic conditions on the use of inverters in 3 kV DC system traction substations so as to send back trains' braking energy from a DC traction power supply to an AC power supply network. The authors presented possible estimated energy savings for a selected railway line. Furthermore, the character of a power waveform and energy available for transferring from a DC to an AC power supply network was discussed as well. The effectiveness of this solution largely depends on the nature of train traffic, so prior to applying the inverters, a detailed analysis is required. StreszczeniePolityka oszczędności energii prowadzona w krajach UE oraz rozwój technologii w energoelektronice zwiększa możliwości stosowania rozwiązań, takich jak falowniki w podstacjach systemu 3 kV DC. W artykule przedstawiono studium przypadku analizy wpływu warunków ruchu na zastosowania falownika w podstacji trakcyjnej 3 kV DC w celu zwrotu energii hamowania odzyskowego pociągów do zasilającej sieci elektroenergetycznej. Pokazano szacunkowo możliwe do uzyskania oszczędności energii dla wybranej linii kolejowej. Omówiono charakter przebiegu mocy oraz wartość energii możliwą do przesłania przez falownik do sieci zasilającej. Efektywność stosowanych rozwiązań i celowość stosowania falownika silnie zależy od charakteru prowadzonego ruchu, dlatego istotne jest przed jego zastosowaniem przeprowadzenie szczegółowych analiz.Słowa kluczowe: efektywność energetyczna, linia kolejowa, podstacja trakcyjna