The study presents findings from the analysis of skills useful for Open Science (OS) and Open Innovation (OI). Employers both within and outside academia and employed PhD graduates and students in the Czech Republic, Ireland and Denmark were interviewed and job postings aimed at research vacancies were reviewed to identify key skillsets useful in broadly defined OS and OI environments. Five skill profiles of PhD graduates have been identified: (1) collaborative and interdisciplinary research, (2) practical applicability of research results, (3) involving the wider public in research, (4) use of Open Science tools and (5) career planning. Implications of the findings for possible interventions in PhD education systems are discussed.

This paper deals with work values as an important factor in individual career decisions. It relies on data from the PIAAC survey and the follow-up SKILLS II survey. Using a sample of Czech men and women 20–45 years old, we examine the factors that affect the formation of orientations to work as compared with family, and the values of high salary and career progress as compared with intrinsic enjoyment of work. Our results show the significant positive influence of family background for men and of higher education, especially for women, on an orientation to a job and to enjoyment of its contents. The orientation of men toward achieving high earnings is strengthened by the need to ensure income for their families, especially raising children, while for women, work centrality and perceived career importance increases after long periods of unemployment. The results show the contribution of high educational achievement to closing the gaps between the work-family orientations of men and women, but also a return to traditional gender roles during periods of childcare. In the conclusion we indicate directions for further research to focus on the different consequences of experiences with unemployment for men and women and on the role of cognitive skills in work values that are not always analogically related to formal education.