Introduction and purpose of the work: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition in the general population. In its course, excessive fatty acids are deposited in liver cells. The best way to prevent it is to reduce weight by being physically active and eating a proper low-calorie diet. The purpose of this study is to describe the potential health benefits of the mediterranean diet in people with NAFLD. For this purpose, the literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords: mediterranean diet; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (MASH). State of the knowledge: The mediterranean diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, fish, olive oil and whole-grain products. It has the effect of decreasing insulin resistance, which is a major cause of NAFLD. In addition, it exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In recent years, numerous clinical studies have been conducted analyzing the effects of this diet on laboratory results, liver steatosis and progression to steatohepatitis (MASH) in patients with NAFLD. Conclusions: The results of the studies show that following a mediterranean diet can prevent as well as alleviate the course of this disease. However, there is a need for more clinical studies, on larger groups of people to recognize the mediterranean diet as an effective form of NAFLD therapy.

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in society and the growing awareness of related health problems have resulted in the widespread use of vitamin D supplementation. The source of vitamin D is skin synthesis with the participation of ultraviolet radiation (UVB) and its supply with the diet. The inability to cover the daily requirement for vitamin D without an additional source of vitamin D means that the society most often reaches for dietary supplements that do not have the properties of a medicinal product. The use of over-the-counter supplements, where the actual dose of the vitamin may differ from the dose declared by the manufacturers, may result in a lack of benefit from the food product when the vitamin D content is too low or lead to hypervitaminosis when the content is too high.

Introduction: Mirogabalin is a new drug from the gabapentinoid group first registered in Japan in 2019. It has found use in the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain in diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuropathy. Purpose: In this article, we review studies on the efficacy and safety of mirogabalin in the treatment of registered indications and its potentially new applications. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the literature available in the PubMed database, using the key words: "mirogabalin", "neuropathy" "pregabalin". Results: Mirogabalin has been registered for the treatment of neuropathic pain in diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuropathy. The literature shows that it is effective and safe in the above-mentioned indications.  Its use has also been described: in the treatment of neuropathic pain of other etiologies with intolerance to pregabalin, as a coanalgesic in the treatment of pain in the course of cancer, and in neuropathy caused by chemotherapy. It has been shown to be effective in all of the aforementioned cases. Studies have shown no clinically significant effect of mirogabalin in the symptomatic treatment of fibromyalgia pain.  It has a good safety profile and a low number of adverse effects. Conclusions:. Mirogabalin is a drug that has the potential to improve the efficacy of treatment of neuropathic pain due to various causes.  There is a need to continue conducting studies on larger groups of patients in order to make wider use of its potential in clinical practice.

Introduction and Purpose. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age worldwide. Patients may present with a wide range of symptoms. According to the most commonly used Rotterdam criteria, the presence of 2 out of 3 criteria is required for diagnosis: clinical and/or biochemical markers of hyperandrogenism (HA); ovulation disorders (oligo- or anovulation); polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (PCOM); and exclusion of disorders mimicking the clinical features of PCOS. The basis of treatment are birth control pills, metformin and antiandrogens. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is not fully understood. The aim of the study is to summarize the potential health benefits of vitamin D supplementation for women with PCOS based on publications from the last 10 years available on Pubmed. State of knowledge. Vitamin D receptors have been identified not only in calcium-regulating tissues, but also in many reproductive organs, such as the ovary (especially granulosa cells), uterus, placenta, testes, as well as hypothalamus and pituitary gland. In recent years, there have been studies analyzing the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the hormonal balance, metabolism and clinical symptoms in women with PCOS. Summary. The results of studies on vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS are mixed. Some of them are promising and confirm a beneficial effect on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, hormonal balance, alleviation of HA-related symptoms, improvement of menstrual frequency; while the results of other studies do not show significant improvement and do not confirm these effects. Therefore, there is a need for further research on the relationship between the pathogenesis of PCOS and vitamin D and the impact of its supplementation.

Introduction and purpose of work: COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Vitamin D is categorized as a steroid hormone that affects the body's calcium-phosphate balance. It also exerts an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory function. Numerous studies indicate that vitamin D levels may have an impact on the course of COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this study is to describe the potential health benefits of vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19 patients. The literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords: "vitamin D"; "COVID-19 infection"; "SARS-Cov-2 virus". Stan wiedzy: Witamina D zmniejsza ryzyko ciężkiej ostrej infekcji górnych dróg oddechowych i COVID-19 poprzez jej wpływ na zmniejszenie replikacji wirusa, zmniejszenie produkcji cytokin prozapalnych i zwiększenie integralności komórek śródbłonka w drogach oddechowych. Stymuluje również syntezę katelicydyny i beta-defensyn. Białka, o których mowa, wykazują bezpośrednią aktywność przeciwwirusową. Część badań dowodzi, że niedobór witaminy D zwiększa śmiertelność, potrzebę inwazyjnej i nieinwazyjnej wentylacji u pacjentów z SARS-Cov-2-dodatnim. Udowodniono, że odpowiednia suplementacja omawianej witaminy zmniejsza ryzyko zakażenia COVID-19 nawet u osób wrażliwych. Wnioski: Wykazano, że obniżony poziom witaminy D zwiększa częstość występowania i nasilenie infekcji COVID-19. Istnieje potrzeba dalszych badań w celu potwierdzenia suplementacji witaminy jako skutecznej metody zapobiegania i łagodzenia infekcji wirusem SARS-Cov-2.