Image sticking in thin film transistor-liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD) is related to the dielectric property of liquid crystal (LC) material. Low threshold value TFT LC materials have a weak stability and the free ions in them will be increased because of their own decomposition. In this study, the property of TFT LC material MAT-09-1284 doped with γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was investigated. The capacitances of parallel-aligned nematic LC cells and vertically aligned nematic LC cells with different doping concentrations were measured at different temperatures and frequencies. The dielectric constants perpendicular and parallel to long axis of the LC molecules ε⊥ and ε//, as well as the dielectric anisotropy Δε, were obtained. The dynamic responses and the direct current threshold voltages in parallel-aligned nematic LC cells for different doping concentrations were also measured. Although the dielectric anisotropy Δε decreased gradually with increasing temperature and frequency at the certain frequency and temperature in LC state for each concentration, the doping concentration of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles less than or equal to 0.145 wt % should be selected for maintaining dynamic response and decreasing free ions. This study has some guiding significance for improving the image sticking in TFT-LCD.

Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease of soybean (Glycine max) worldwide. We previously confirmed that the bHLH transcription factor GmPIB1 (P. sojae-inducible bHLH transcription factor) reduces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells by inhibiting expression of the peroxidase-related gene GmSPOD thus improving the resistance of hairy roots to P. sojae. To identify proteins interacting with GmPIB1 and assess their participation in the defense response to P. sojae, we obtained transgenic soybean hairy roots overexpressing GmPIB1 by Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation and examined GmPIB1 protein–protein interactions using immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry. We identified 392 proteins likely interacting with GmPIB1 and selected 20 candidate genes, and only 26S proteasome regulatory subunit GmPSMD (Genbank accession no. XP_014631720) interacted with GmPIB1 in luciferase complementation and pull-down experiments and yeast two-hybrid assays. Overexpression of GmPSMD (GmPSMD-OE) in soybean hairy roots remarkably improved resistance to P. sojae and RNA interference of GmPSMD (GmPSMD -RNAi) increased susceptibility. In addition, accumulation of total ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in GmPSMD-OE transgenic soybean hairy roots were remarkably lower than those of the control after P. sojae infection. Moreover, in GmPSMD-RNAi transgenic soybean hairy roots, H2O2 and the accumulation of total ROS exceeded those of the control. There was no obvious difference in superoxide anion (O2–) content between control and transgenic hairy roots. Antioxidant enzymes include peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) are responsible for ROS scavenging in soybean. The activities of these antioxidant enzymes were remarkably higher in GmPSMD-OE transgenic soybean hairy roots than those in control, but were reduced in GmPSMD-RNAi transgenic soybean hairy roots. Moreover, the activity of 26S proteasome in GmPSMD-OE and GmPIB1-OE transgenic soybean hairy roots was significantly higher than that in control and was significantly lower in PSMD-RNAi soybean hairy roots after P. sojae infection. These data suggest that GmPSMD might reduce the production of ROS by improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as POD, SOD, GPX, CAT, and GmPSMD plays a significant role in the response of soybean to P. sojae. Our study reveals a valuable mechanism for regulation of the pathogen response by the 26S proteasome in soybean.

Studying the mechanism of drought stress in potato leaves at tuber expansion period by exogenous uniconazole revealed new insights into potato stress physiology. Therefore, a completely random pot experiments with time gradients of 5, 10 and 15 d of drought treatment. were carried out with uniconazole (40 mg L− 1) with respect to photosynthesis, active oxygen metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activity and the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle on varieties kexin No 1 (drought-tolerant, KX 1) and Atlantic (drought-sensitive, Atlantic). The results showed that uniconazole can effectively alleviate the degradation of chlorophyll under drought stress, Compared with CK, drought significantly inhibited the Pn, Tr, Gs and Ci of the leaves of the two potato varieties. Exogenous uniconazole effectively alleviated the inhibition of drought on the photosynthetic parameters of potato leaves, compared with D treatment, uniconazole reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), the rate of superoxide radical (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in leaves of KX 1 and Atlantic, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in antioxidant defense system to remove excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce membrane lipid peroxidation, effectively alleviated the loss of yield factors caused by drought stress, and the drought-tolerant variety KX 1 was less damaged by drought than the drought-sensitive variety Atlantic, in addition, under drought stress, the antioxidant enzyme activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant content of the two varieties increased to adapt to the stress response caused by drought stress, D + S treatment could further increase the contents of osmotic adjustment substances (soluble protein and proline) and AsA-GSH cycle products and substrates, including ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbate (DHA), glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and increase the ratio of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG under drought stress in two potato varieties, so as to improve the level of reducing power and antioxidant capacity in leaves, thus reducing the damage of reactive oxygen species to cell membrane. The drought-tolerant variety KX 1 recovered better than the drought-sensitive variety Atlantic. These results provided a reference for the mechanism of drought resistance in potato and the effect of uniconazole on alleviating drought stress.

Soybean β-conglycinin α-subunit is an important allergen that adversely affects the nutritional and processing qualities of soya products. Although inheritance of the α-subunit and the molecular basis of α-null mutations have been studied intensively, the molecular mechanism that regulates α-subunit expression remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that a long intergenic non-coding RNA, acting as a soybean cis-tether terminator1 (designated Linc-GmSTT1) regulate β-conglycinin α-subunit expression. The Linc-GmSTT1 was mapped in physical proximity of α-subunit CG-α-1 gene and demonstrated to be a crucial element of the convergent alpha-transcription termination unit (alpha-TTU). Ingeniously, by reading through, Linc-GmSTT1 and CG-α-1 gene co-transcribed and subsequently achieve its Cgy-2-locus (confirm α-normal) specific regulation function via Linc-GmSTT1-intermolcular interactome. This work provides a unique model whereby LincRNA regulated the effective transcriptional termination of proximal protein-coding genes which might be a crucial procession protecting it from the silencing machinery in plant.