This study addresses the issue whether institutional quality affects the sectoral FDI both in short run and long run in Pakistan. By employing ARDL co-integration technique, we analyse the impact of institutional quality on primary, manufacturing and services sectors FDI in Pakistan. The findings suggest that institutional quality matters in attracting FDI in manufacturing and services sectors in the long run while institutional quality does not have a significant impact on FDI in the primary sector. Moreover, results show that the impact of institutional quality on these sectors is not apparent in short run. The main findings from this research are that in long run institutional quality matters to attract substantial FDI in manufacturing and services sector of Pakistan. Hence, policies aimed at strengthening the institutional quality should be the priority for government. JEL: F21, O43, C22

This study attempts to explore first time ever the relationship between fish exports and economic growth of Pakistan by employing annual time series data for the period 1974–2013. Autoregressive distributed lag and Johansen and Juselius cointegration results confirm the existence of a positive long-run relationship among the variables. Further, the error correction model reveals that no immediate or short-run relationship exists between fish exports and economic growth. Different sensitivity analyses indicate that initial results are robust. Rolling window analysis has been applied to identify the yearly behaviour of fish exports, and it remains negative from 1979 to 1982, 1984 to 1988, 1993 to 1999, 2004 and from 2010 to 2013, and it shows positive impact from 1989 to 1992, 2000 to 2003 and from 2005 to 2009. Furthermore, the variance decomposition method and impulse response function suggest the bidirectional causal relationship between fish exports and economic growth. The findings are beneficial for policymakers in the area of export planning. This study also provides some policy implications in the final section.

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Very few studies have investigated the movement in stock returns that result due to changes in oil prices. In recent years due to cooling down of China, unveiled oil reserves of Iran, decreasing demand worldwide and discovery of shale gases the world has experienced a large fall in the oil prices. These changes are also affecting performance of manufacturing and other associated companies in countries all over the world. Pakistan has also been affected by these changes in many ways. Especially, the returns on stock markets have been affected a lot by the variations in the oil prices. This paper using monthly data set from years 2014 to 2016 of the non-financial firms operated in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), investigates the effect of variation in oil prices on returns on stock. Results from the panel data analysis indicate a negative relationship between the variables. Since, Pakistan is an oil importing, movement in the prices contribute towards affecting the production cost in a positive manner which in turn affects the execution of the enterprises as well as returns of the stocks negatively.

This paper attempts to distinguish the role of banking sector credit to enterprise and household in economic growth of Pakistan for the period from 1982 to 2017. Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound technique to cointegration, our results confirm that enterprise credit has a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of Pakistan for the sample period. In contrast, the other component of private credit, i.e., household credit is not a positive driver of economic growth. CUSUM test finds that the parameters of the model with enterprise and household credit are stable. It is recommended therefore that the central bank should modify the credit policy for household sector and support enterprise credit in the context to achieve sustainable economic growth in Pakistan.