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Industrial facilities are rapidly changing over the years, various technological advances have led to break-through its performance. The transformation is fetched from inventions, development of sophisticated processes/technologies, digitalization, the list is incessantly growing. These technical progressions and stratagems to realize it on the life-cycle basis forces the industries to explore sustainability concepts within the scope. Also, the mission to chop back GHG emissions to protect environment is needed than ever before. Consequently, the revolution and evolution of products, processes, technologies, resources, and sustainability requirement to mitigate climatic anomaly beams on the industrial sector and ordained it to cater an approach toward optimizing all efforts. The challenge is to develop a method by accommodating all the technological advances and sustainability requirements to transform facilities into a much better performing asset. The answer is to construct and preserve industrial facilities to be energy efficient which enable them to be competitive and environmentally friendly. The chapter illustrates, through case study, the ‘plant lifetime retrofit-ability concept in industrial facilities. Its objective is to develop the most energy efficient facility design via arranging each future modification to remain energy efficient throughout its lifecycle without deterrents and utilizing minimum capital. Finally, a way is proposed to develop inherently sustainable energy efficient design in order to cater the benefits throughout the industrial facility life-cycle.

The objective of this chapter is to draw the attention of government policy makers internationally to a strategy for alleviating global warming through proven cost-effective energy efficiency measures. The Saudi Arabian government has embraced the approach with demonstrable success over the past 20 years, with rates of return on investments averaging more than 25%. Even though Saudi Aramco is the National Oil and Gas company, the company takes the threat of climate change to the world’s economies very seriously and initiated programs for, systematically and responsibly, transition to less-polluting energy sources. Primarily, the chapter will define the supply chain components of Saudi Arabia’s energy sector and explain the existing conditions and efficiencies of each of its components. It analyzes the existing energy management framework and its achievements, as well as its current and forthcoming commitments, status, and updates. It will also explain the vital equipment, systems, and processes in the supply chain, with possible energy efficiency improvement gaps based on existing literature/Energy Assessment Reports conducted by Saudi Aramco professionals in numerous industrial facilities. The chapter will pinpoint the highest achievable efficiencies areas in major systems, processes, or equipment and discusses its impact on the primary energy fuels and green house gas (GHG) emission reduction.