No abstract

This study aims to present a novel gas counter and to demonstrate its suitability for biochemical methane potential tests. In this system, the gas to be measured is collected in a chamber enclosed with two one-way solenoid valves and the absolute pressure is continuously monitored. After a trigger pressure is reached, a portion of the gas is released and the amount of the released gas is calculated according to ideal gas law and recorded. Three iterations of the supervisory control and data acquisition unit were constructed and tested for BMP measurement. Although it can be further improved and variations are possible, the presented final version works with eight reactors simultaneously and the recommended maximum gas flow is 1.24 mL/min. For those reactors, the measured/theoretical BMP ratio was 65.3% with 4.2% standard uncertainty, which is subjectively acceptable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the concept is valid and applicable to BMP tests.

Suspended substances in car washes can often be easily removed by physicochemical processes. The main problem is to remove dissolved substances such as detergents from the water. In this study, a biodegradable substance Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) was removed from the car wash wastewater by the use of Phragmites australis in the subsurface constructed wetland. For this study, 4 plexiglass reactors having an effective volume of 10.8 L with the dimensions of 15cm×45cm×20 cm were used. The experiments were conducted with vegetation which was called SCW and without vegetation which was named control group (CG), as two groups. A serial connection of two reactors was performed for each group. Up to 90% detergent removal was observed with the vegetation in the SCW with a loading rate of 75 L/(m2.d) The effluents quality showed that the treated water can be reused carwash or irrigation for landscaping.

The textile industry produces enormous volumes of wastewater which must be treated effectively. In this study, biosorbent from the agricultural waste of potato peels (PP), which is environmentally friendly and easy to find everywhere, was used for the treatment of real textile wastewater. Physical modification, chemical activation, bio-hybrid and high-pressure modification processes were applied to PP to investigate the organic pollutant removal (chemical oxygen demand (COD)) and inorganic (Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+) from original textile wastewater. Additionally, the effects of contact time (5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 1440 min) and particle sizes (1.5–1.0 mm, 1.0–0.5 mm, and smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter) were investigated in a batch treatment system. Application of the physical modification process to PP presented an attractive solution for COD removal efficiency (69.50%) and removal efficiencies for four divalent metal ions; 78.6% for Cu2+, 63.6% for Ni2+, 40% for Fe2+, and 34.6% for Cd2+. FT-IR, SEM, and EDX analysis were performed to reveal the adsorption mechanism of the modified adsorbents. The FT-IR results indicate that the adsorption process fits the chemical and physical removal mechanisms, which were also supported by SEM images and EDX results.

COVİD-19 hızlı bulaşma oranı ve yüzeylerde uzun süre kalabilmesi nedeni ile kısa sürede küresel bir salgına dönüştü. Hızla yayılımı özellikle belediyecilik hizmetlerinden olan Atık Yönetiminde sorunlara nedeni oldu. Tek kullanımlık maske, eldiven, gözlük gibi koruyucu ekipmanlar ve hastane yoğun bakımlarından çıkan enfekte atık miktarlarında ciddi artışlar meydana geldi. Bu durum mevcut atık bertaraf sistemleri üzerinde baskı oluşturdu. Ulusal ve uluslararası genelgeler yayınlanarak salgının yayılımı engellenmeye çalışıldı. Bu süreçte biyolojik parçalanabilir plastikler, çevresel ve ekonomik olarak uygun bertaraf yöntemleri ve uygun yönetim planlarının oluşturulmasına yönelik sistem optimizasyon çalışmaları ile veri üretme, saklama ve işleme konusunda yenilikçi çalışmalar ortaya çıktı. Bu çalışma da salgın döneminde Katı Atık Yönetiminde ortaya çıkan sorunlar, çevresel ve ekonomik etkileri, sorunların çözümüne yönelik yapılan yasal düzenlemeler, alınan tedbirler ile önerilen uygun bertaraf yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Artan nüfus ve iklim değişikliğinin uzun süreli etkileri dikkate alındığında bu salgın ilk değil, son olmayacaktır. Bu nedenle mevcut çalışmalar ışığında öneriler derlenmiştir.