Companies based on Internet should remain competitive. One of ways of modified competitive advantage is the attraction of most customers and the increase of customer retention. In emerging commercial competitions, customer loyalty is an important characteristic for obtaining the continuation of competitive advantage. The purpose of this research is to show a theoretical model for the identification of effective factors on e-loyalty and to improve e-commerce toward the advancement of customers and sellers purposes. E-loyalty process is divided in to three phases that include cognitive, effectiveness and action in this model. Seven selected components of this research are: demographic characteristics, web site and technology, sales promotion, products level offered to customer, e-security and e-trust, e-satisfaction and e-loyalty. Case study of this research was performed in Sepahan Cement Company of Isfahan with about 115 questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and LISREL software. The results of this research show that demographic characteristics of the customers and e-security and e-trust are effective factors on e-loyalty.

Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was determined in 254 samples of raw milk obtained from dairy cow farms of Qazvin Province, Iran. Aflatoxin M1 analysis was carried out by using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique for screening and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for confirmatory purposes. The limit of detection and quantification of the confirmatory method were 0.003 and 0.01 µg/l, respectively. Aflatoxin M1 was detected in 204 analysed samples (80.3%), ranging from 0.011 to 0.321 μg/l, and 144 samples (56.7%) had levels above the Iranian national standard limit of 0.050 μg/l. Considering the seasonal variability, the occurrence and levels of AFM1 in samples obtained in winter were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those obtained in summer. The results of this survey indicate the usefulness of a monitoring programme to supervise food safety for consumers.

There has been much discussion about infrageneric taxonomy of the genus Amaranthus. In the present study, in order to solve taxonomical problems and to aid identification of Iranian Amaranthus taxa, the palynological characteristics of seven taxa from two subgenera (Amaranthus and Albersia) were examined. Pollen grains were investigated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy using the prolonged acetolysis procedure. Twelve quantitative and qualitative characteristics were studied. Results showed that all of the studied taxa had poly pantoporate pollen and surface sculpturing was seen as scabrate, while its aggregation differed between samples. Statistical analysis showed that some quantitative morphological features were more valuable in identification of the studied taxa. The studied taxa were separated from each other using multivariate analysis. Our data together with the results of previous investigations confirmed that the present infraspecific classification of A. blitum requires change. It is advisable to return to the previous taxonomical status of the genus.

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Background Women need special care during and after menopause. Due to the emphasis of the World Health Organization on promoting self-care in postmenopausal women, this study aims to analyze the situation and prioritize the self-care needs of postmenopausal women in the Tehran-Iran. Methods This was a descriptive-analytical study on 486 postmenopausal women aged 46–85 years living in Tehran in 2021. The Subjects were recruited using a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected using a socio-demographic and a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess postmenopausal women’s self-care status with four domains including physical health, psychosocial health, reproductive-sexual health, and screening tests. The data were analyzed by SPSS-24. Results The mean age of the participants was 62.58 ± 7.75 years. The mean score of self-care was 44.63 ± 21.64% in the postmenopausal women. The lowest score and highest scores were related to psychosocial health (25.12 ± 28.21%) and periodic tests (50.62 ± 24.40%) respectively. There were significant positive correlations between self-care with women’s education level (r = 0.277; p < 0.001), husband’s education level (r = 0.258; p < 0.001), as well as monthly income (r = 0.153; p = 0.001). There was a negative correlation between self-care with the number of children (r = − 0.215; p < 0.001). The level of self-care was higher in employed women (p = 0.001) and also, in women whose husbands were employed (p = 0.012). Multiple linear regression test showed the level of education of the husband (B = 2.72, p = 0.038) and the family size (B = -1.54, p = 0.023) are predictors of the self-care of postmenopausal women. Conclusion The findings showed more than 55% of challenges in the self-care behaviors of postmenopausal women in Tehran. The most and least challenging self-care behaviors were related to psychosocial health and performing periodic tests. The priorities were in psychosocial health and reproductive-sexual health dimensions. Self-care promotion is necessary, especially in postmenopausal women, who need special care due to various physical, psychological, and social changes.