Torsion test setup FEA First metatarsal Bone PLAIn this study, the design and manufacture of torque test set up has been carried out for small and shapeless speciment. The torque sensor, which has maximum 10 Nm, is used in the test system design. The certain specification of Nema 34 step motor which use to apply torsional force to the specimens is 12 Nm, 24V and 4.2 ampere. The step motor is controlled by the HY-DIV268N-5A Step Motor Driver and the supply voltage of driver is 24 Volts. The information about the degree of the specimen rotation was taken from potantiometer. The information obtained from the sensor and potentiometer was transferred to the LabVIEW software to be representation graphically using the USB 6003 DAQ card. The first metatarsal bone modelled from computerized tomography (CT) images was produced by Ultimaker2 3D printer using polylactic acid (PLA) material. The printed bone model was tested through torsion test set up. At the same time, the 3D bone was prepared for finite element analysis. Boundary conditions were applied in the finite element analysis (FEA) model in accordance with the test setup. The produced bones using 3D printer were subjected to torsion test with the test setup. Also the modelled bone was tested in accordance with the torsion test setup by using finite element analysis. After that, the FEA and experimental test results were compared with each other. As a conclusion, the optimization of the torsional test setup was performed based on the FEA.

The stress distribution on the first metatarsal bone was examined depending on the heel height.  Muscle forces that is affecting the bone were also included in the analysis. The unknown forces are calculated using a mathematical approach.  It was determined that the stress distribution increased %54 on the bone due to the changing heel height of shoe.

Using a real bone is very important to find correct results for the biomechanical studies. However, it is very difficult to find the real bone and sometimes artificial bone models can be preferred instead of real bone. The aim of this study is to obtain an easy-to-manufacture, easy-to-customize and inexpensive method the artificial first metatarsal bone model that is similar material properties with the real bone. 3D printer technology was used to produce the artificial bone model. First metatarsal bone was modeled using MIMICS software to produce and determined the mechanical properties. The bone mechanical properties were calculated via MIMICS software using computer tomography images. 3D bone models were produced in different infill density and infill pattern to determine the real bone mechanical properties using 3D printer. The infill density of the bone model was adjusted as 20%, 40%, and 60%. Five different infill pattern types were used as grid, cubic, triangle, trihexagon, and gyroid. The produced models were subjected to torsional test and the elasticity modulus of all models were obtained. The results of the elasticity modulus of all produced (artificial) and modeled (calculated) bone were compared and the optimum bone model was obtained. The optimum infill density and infill pattern was determined as 40% and trihexagon, respectively.

Amaç İdiopatik granülomatöz mastit (İGM) etyolojisi bilinmeyen, malignite ile karışabilen inflamatuar bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada kurumumuzda İGM tanısı histopatolojik olarak kanıtlanmış olguların radyolojik bulgularını ve klinik seyrini irdeledik.