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6602c-ZF/18-190 to M. Ozturk.Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Background: Natural products play a significant role in drug discovery process due to containing of a large variety of bioactive compounds. Objective: To isolate the essential oil from Salvia fruticosa (SF), Lavandula intermedia (LI), and Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) with identification the chemical composition of the oils and to investigate the antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial activities. Method: The plant materials were cultivated and supplied from Yalova, Turkey. Essential oils were generated from aerial parts of each plant by steam distillation and the compounds were identified by GC-MS analyses. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined. DPPH method was used for antioxidant activity. Seed germination was executed with the standard method. Antifungal and antibacterial activity were carried out by disc diffusion method. Results: 1,8-Cineole (45.8%) was the main constituent of SF. Linalyl acetate (34.4%) was detected as the chief product of LI. The major product of RO was assigned as 1,8-cineole (43.3%). RO essential oil (IC50, 224.76 µg ml-1) had higher DPPH• effect than the standard, BHT. LI essential oil showed the outstanding antifungal activity (100%) on Botrytis cinerea and Scelerotinia sclerotiorum. LI essential oil inhibited the Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis at the rate of 16.4% at 7.5 µl dose. The best antibacterial effect was observed for RO essential oil on Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (30.5%) at 7.5 µl. Conclusion: R. officinalis essential has a potential for using in food industry as a natural antioxidant. L. intermedia and R. officinalis essential oils could be useful in food and agriculture to keep the products in high worth.

In this study, antibacterial effects of semi-parasitic plant common mistletoe (Viscum album L.), collected from different woody host, extracts on the tomato bacterial cancer and wilt disease agent Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, pepper and tomato bacterial leaf spot disease agent Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and tomato bacterial leaf spot disease agent Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato were determined. The common mistletoe collected from pine, pear, acacia and mahaleb trees. The leaves and stems water extracts of common mistletoe were added to Nutrinet agar medium before autoclaving at the final concentrations of 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%. The bacterial concentration was adjusted to 108 cfu/ml with spectrophotometer to within an 0.2 at 600 nm. Then, 100 µl of bacterial inoculums were spread over the extracts amended media plates. As a control group, pathogens were plated on the unamended media. The study was established in 3 repetitions and repeated 2 times. At the end of the incubation period, bacteria growing on all treated petri dishes were collected and their density was measured in a spectrophotometer. Based on the results of the study, 1% and 2.5% concentration of the extracts obtained from leaves and stems of common mistletoe collected from different trees were not effective on the bacteria tested, while 5% and 10% concentration of them inhibited the bacterial growth completely (100%). Also, it was observed that there wasn’t difference on the pathogens on the basis of the host where mistletoe was collected. According to the results of this study conducted under in vitro conditions, in vivo studies should be carried out with the common mistletoe extract, which is effective on the bacterial pathogens.