The European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) recommended the establishment of forensic DNA databases and specific implementation and management legislations for all EU/ENFSI members. Therefore, forensic institutions from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia launched a wide set of activities to support these recommendations. To assess the current state, a regional expert team completed detailed screening and investigation of the existing forensic DNA data repositories and associated legislation in these countries. The scope also included relevant concurrent projects and a wide spectrum of different activities in relation to forensics DNA use. The state of forensic DNA analysis was also determined in the neighboring Slovenia and Croatia, which already have functional national DNA databases. There is a need for a ‘regional supplement’ to the current documentation and standards pertaining to forensic application of DNA databases, which should include regional-specific preliminary aims and recommendations.
Triploidy is chromosomal abnormality characterized by the presence of three sets of chromosomes instead of the normal two sets, so the triploid fetus has 69 chromosomes. Within the Department for medical genetics at University Clinical Center of Republic of Srpska, from 2009 to 2016, 5853 prenatal karyotipizations were performed from amniotic fluid. Two cases (0,03%) of tryploid karyotipe were detected during this period. In this report we will present the findings of triploid karyotype 69, XXX in prenatal diagnosis. Origin of those triploid karyotipes was determined using molecular methods at Institute of Forensic Medicine of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka. One of the detected triploid fetuses originated from twin pregnancy, where the pregnancy was spontaneously aborted two weeks after amniocentesis. Using molecular methods, it was determined that one set of chromosomes originated from the mother, and two sets from the father- diandric origin. The other triploid fetus originated from one fetus pregnancy, where the pregnancy was spontaneously aborted two weeks after amniocentesis. The first trimester combined test indicated triploid kariotype with digyny origin. Triploid karyotype was confirmed by prenatal karyotipisation, while molecular analysis confirmed digyny origin of this case of triploidy – two sets of chromosomes originated from mother and one set from father. Since cytogenetic analyses are performed from amniotic cells at 16-18 weeks, in order to reduce waiting period, parents should be informed about karyotypisation and DNA profiling from chorionic villi sample at 11-12 weeks as a faster option to get final results .
Introduction: Traffic accidents are a global problem, in which over 1.2 million people on the planet are killed annually. Detailed consideration of these issues is necessary in order to take appropriate preventive measures. Patients and methods: In this retrospective study we used the material of the Department of Forensic Medicine Banjaluka. We have analyzed the data of autopsies of people killed in traffic accidents during the period of 2010 -2012. We examined the gender and age distribution, type and distribution of injuries, the cause of death for certain groups of participants in traffic, and the presence of alcohol in the victims. Data on the alcohol use were obtained from the Forensic Unit of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Republic of Srpska (gas chromatography). Results: Of 186 autopsied, 160 (86%) were male and 26 (14%) women. Two particularly vulnerable groups were the third decade of life and older age. Head injury is the most common cause of death (45.7%). Drivers (32.3%) and pedestrians (28%) were the most common victims, and in both groups the leading cause of death was head injuries. Their distribution of injuries is similar, with more frequent injuries to the spine, pelvis and lower extremities of pedestrians. Conclusion: Victims are more frequently men, and out of 60 victim drivers 58 were male! Is it because of the higher incidence of men in the group of drivers and also their behavior in traffic? Number of victim drivers probably was something higher, but unfortunately, in some cases the prosecution is not seeking for the autopsy. Of the total number of victim drivers, 41.7% belonged to the third decade of life. The most common cause of death was head injury. The two most vulnerable groups are drivers and pedestrians, with dominant head and chest injuries. Alcohol abuse is a significant part of the problem. Results of this study generally do not deviate from the data found in theworld literature.
Introduction: Numerous human migrations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia's northern province of Vojvodina have led to the increased mixing of these population's genetic pool, leading to a reduction in genetic differences. The question is whether there are now genetic differences between the mentioned populations. Methods: Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci D2S1338 and D18S51 were used in this paper to compare the diversity of alleles and genotypes between the populations of Vojvodina and one of the two Bosnia's entities, the Republic of Srpska (RS). Three hundred ninety unrelated persons, 140 persons from the RS and 260 from Vojvodina, were analysed. The PowerPlex ESX16 System commercial kit was used for profiling persons from the territory of the RS and the AmpF/STR Identifiler commercial kit for persons from Vojvodina. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Data analysis concluded a significant deviation in the allele frequency of the D18S51 locus where p=0.021. There was no statistically significant deviation in the D2S1338 locus allele frequency between these two populations. It was also found that there is a statistically significant deviation in the genotype frequencies of these two populations for the analysed genetic markers. Conclusion: This study confirms the existence of a significant deviation of allelic frequency for the D18S51 gene locus and a significant deviation of both gene markers frequency of genotypes.
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