Ertekin Filiz B., Korkmaz N., Budak N.H., Seydim A.C., Guzel Seydim Z.B. (2017): Antioxidant activity and phenolic acid content of selected vegetable broths. Czech J. Food Sci., 35: 469-475.The antioxidant activity and content of phenolic substances in vegetable broths were determined. Green beans, beetroots, courgettes, onions, parsley, carrots, cabbages, celery, broccoli, spinach, cauliflowers, and tomatoes were subjected to boiling. Fresh vegetables and vegetable broths were analysed for ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, ORAC and TEAC values. Phenolic acids were quantified using HPLC. The ascorbic acid content of vegetables ranged from 5-109 mg/100 ml, while no ascorbic acids could be detected in vegetable broths. Total phenolic content was between 17-1729 mg GAE/l for all samples. ORAC and TEAC values of vegetable broths were between 0-3 µmol TE/ml and 0-2 µmol TE/ml, respectively. Gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acid were detected in both fresh vegetables and vegetable broths. The highest phenolic acid content was observed in water in which beetroots were boiled. It was found that the vegetable broths of beetroots, celery stalks, cabbages, parsley and broccoli harboured remarkable antioxidant activity.
Tulum cheese is a traditional cheese type of Turkey, which the ripening process of the cheese is carried out in sheep and goat skins. Although there are some industrial casings, sheep and goat skins are still the commonly preferred casing materials in traditional Tulum cheese production due to the natural favor and taste that give to the cheese characteristics. The difference of these natural casing materials, such as type, age, gender and sex, gives different tulum cheese quality. But not only a high quality cheese production but also the utilization of the skins used in tulum cheese production is carrying a great importance in environmental point of view. In this study, the utilization possibilities of raw skins that become the waste of the food industry after the tulum cheese production were investigated in terms of physical and chemical properties. For this purpose, forty eight (48) raw skins in different type (goat and sheep skins), age (6 months, 1 and 2 years old) and gender (male and female) were examined. The physical tests such as tensile strength and percentage of extension, double edge tear strength, shrinkage temperature, water vapor and air permeability determination; the chemical analysis such as pH, matters soluble in dichloromethane and Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis were performed to reveal the usage possibilities of these raw materials for the leather or relevant industries.
Tüketicilerin fonksiyonel gıda ürünlerine olan talepleri son 20 yılda artmıştır. Bu eğilimin bir sonucu olarak, probiyotik gıda ürünleri pazarında hızlı bir büyüme gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak, probiyotik gıda ürünlerinin raf ömrü, bu pazarı ve tüketici taleplerini karşılamada sınırlayıcı bir faktördür. Bu noktada postbiyotikler, sağlık potansiyellerinin yanı sıra bu tür sınırları aşmak için yeni bir kavram olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Kısaca postbiyotikler, mikroorganizmalar tarafından üretilen biyoaktif maddeler yani fermantasyon metabolitleridir. Mikrobiyal metabolitler, mikrobiyal hücreler ve bunların bileşenlerini içerebilirler. Çeşitli probiyotiklerden veya aktif olmayan formlarından elde edilebilirler. Son yıllarda, doğasını ve potansiyel sağlık yararlarını anlamak için giderek daha fazla sayıda araştırma yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, içerikleri ve potansiyel sağlık yararları ile ilgili postbiyotikler üzerine yapılan güncel çalışmalar hakkında bilgi vermektir.
Çalışma, Tulum peyniri üretiminde kullanılan keçi derisinin fiziksel, kimyasal ve dokusal özelliklerini ve geleneksel olgunlaşma koşullarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, Mart ve Ekim ayları arasında doğal olgunlaşma koşulları (mağara) ve süt işletmelerinin soğuk hava depolarının bazı parametreleri (sıcaklık, nem, oksijen ve CO2 miktarı) incelenmiştir. Peynir olgunlaşmasının gerçekleştirildiği doğal mağara sıcaklık ve nem içeriğinin işletme koşullarına göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Her iki olgunlaşma koşulunda oksijen ve karbondioksit oranı benzer bulunmuştur. Deri kalınlığı, yağ ve deri maddesi içeriği özellikle kopma dayanımı, uzama ve yırtılma, hava, su buharı ve oksijen geçirgenliği üzerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Derilerin kopma dayanımı, uzama ve yırtılma değerleri sırasıyla 9.16-36.48 daN, 22.57-81.57 N ve 35.4-150.28 N/mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca tulum peynirinin olgunlaşması için ambalaj malzemesi olarak kullanıldığında derinin oksijen, su buharı ve hava geçirgenliği gibi özelliklerinin ürün üzerindeki etkisi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada keçi derisinin içten dışa doğru hava geçirgenliğinin, dıştan içe doğru hava geçirgenliğinden 6.6-10.95 kat daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
It is widely known that the use of medicinal plants and probiotics as feed additives has a positive effect on growth, non-specific immune system, and resistance to diseases in aquaculture. This study examines the effects of dietary supplementation with sage (Salvia officinalis) and myrtle (Myrtus communis), alone or in combination with a probiotic mixture (PM) on growth, intestine microflora and histology, some antioxidant enzymes activities in the muscle tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and disease resistance against Vibrio anguillarum. For this purpose, fish were fed with a control diet of 1% sage, 1% myrtle, 1.1% probiotic mixture, 1% sage +1.1% PM and 1% myrtle+1.1% PM supplemented diets for 60 days. At the end of the trial, the fish fed the diets supplemented with myrtle and sage + PM showed a positive effect on feed conversion ratio. According to the histological assessment, the villi length, villi width and goblet cell numbers in the intestines of fish in all groups increased compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase activity in the muscles of fish in the PM group was higher than the fish in the other groups (p<0.05). The malondialdehyde activity was unaffected with the exception of the fish in the sage group (p<0.05). The lactic acid bacteria count in the intestines increased in fish fed the sage + PM (p<0.05). Fish fed the diets supplemented with sage + probiotic mixture, probiotic mixture, myrtle + probiotic mixture, and myrtle saw a significant reduction in mortality (0-32.5%) due to V. anguillarum compared to the control (63.2%) (p<0.05). In conclusion, the use of probiotics, sage and myrtle in combination as a feed supplement showed a positive effect on the growth performance, intestinal microflora and histology, and antioxidant enzymes activities and disease resistance in rainbow trout.
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