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Abstract:Chitosan is a naturally occurring substance that stimulates correct deposition, assembly and orientation of collagen fibres in extracellular matrix components in wounds and promotes migration of inflammatory cells. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is one of the most important growth factors playing crucial roles in angiogenesis and wound healing. Biologically, it acts via binding to the cellular surface receptors. FGFR3 is one of the most important receptors. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate, histologically and histochemically, the effect of chitosan on wound healing in experimentally diabetic rats divided into four groups. When compared to the diabetic and the control groups, chitosan group had more inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, newly formed blood vessels and reticular -collagen fibres in the wound healing area from the third day of operation.Moreover, in Chitosan Group, stronger VEGF and FGFR3 immunolocalizations were evident and all steps of wound healing process were more regular. FGFR3 antibody used in this study had been tested only on diabetic wound healing. In conclusion, we have concluded that application of chitosan was essential to accelarate wound healing process in diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can lead to multiple organ failure and death. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline and iloprost administered before reperfusion in intestinal ischemia. METHODS:In total, 25 male Wistar Albino rats weighing 250-300 g were divided into five groups each comprising five subjects: control group (n=5), sham group (n=5, no I/R), I/R group (n=5, 45 min ischemia, and 120 min reperfusion), I/R + pentoxifylline group (n=5, 45 min ischemia following intraperitoneal 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline and 120 min reperfusion), and I/R + iloprast group (n=5, 45 min ischemia followed by intraperitoneal 2 mcg /kg iloprost and 120 min reperfusion). At the end of the experiment, ileum specimens were stained using hematoxylin-eosin and histopathologically evaluated using the Chiu score. Isometric contraction-relaxation responses were recorded using organ baths for contraction-relaxation responses. RESULTS:Pentoxifylline provided a significant improvement in response to histopathological and contraction-relaxation responses. Although iloprost provided recovery in reperfusion injury, it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION:Our findings demonstrate that pentoxifylline may be promising in preventing small bowel ischemia-reperfusion injury. We concluded that further clinical and experimental studies for iloprost are needed.

Nowadays, apoptosis is mostly evaluated visually in histological studies. By using the quantitative digital image analysis, this study aimed to investigate the effect of acrylamide‐based monomers (acrylamide [AAm], methacrylamide [MAAm], N‐isopropylacrylamide [NIPAm]) on the cerebrum tissues in rats, which are the most common water‐soluble monomers in the production of polymeric hydrogels used as biomaterials. The Wistar albino rats weighing ~220–240 g were divided into control and three test groups. The control group received 1 mL of saline, and the test groups received 1 mL of aqueous 50 mg/kg/day intramuscular injection of AAm, MAAm, and NIPAm, respectively. At the end of the experiments, brain tissues of all rats euthanized by intramuscular injection of sodium pentobarbital were removed. Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) method was applied to brain tissue sections. The monomers have been shown to cause apoptosis due to oxidative stress in cerebrum tissue. Based on apoptosis by tunneling method, quantitative digital image analysis of cell fragments was performed with Olympus cellSens Dimension 1.15 software, and the number, total count area, selected area, average area, and ROI% values of the fragments were found. In addition, the total area and ROI% values of the fragments increased linearly with increasing the molar mass of monomers from the digital image analysis data. Quantitative digital image analysis can facilitate the monitoring of apoptosis caused by the oxidative stress of monomers used in the production of the biomaterials.