ÖzTicari faaliyetlerin insan hakları üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri ve mağdurların zayıf konumu dikkate alınarak çok uluslu şirketlerin sebep olduğu insan hakları ihlallerinin tahkim yoluyla çözümü için yakın zamanda İş Dünyası ve İnsan Hakları Lahey Tahkim Kuralları (Lahey Kuralları) kabul edilmiştir. Söz konusu Lahey Kurallarının yararlılığı ve elverişliliği konusunda eleştiriler olmakla beraber Kurallar, çok uluslu şirketlerin sebep olduğu insan hakları ihlalleri mağdurlarına adalete erişim konusunda etkin bir yol sunabilir. Bu çalışmanın konusu, Lahey Kurallarının ortaya çıkma sürecini ve tarihçesini kısaca ortaya koyduktan sonra tahkimin insan hakları ihlallerinden doğan uyuşmazlıkların çözümü konusunda neden tercih edilmesi gerektiğini incelemektir. Bu kapsamda, Lahey Kurallarının iş dünyası ve insan hakları uyuşmazlıklarının kendine has özellikleri dikkate alınarak hazırlanmış maddeleri ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca çalışmada Lahey kurallarının eksiklikleri ve geliştirilmesi gereken noktaları üzerinde de durulacaktır.
While multinational companies contribute to the economies of thecountries in which they operate, they can also cause negative effects such asenvironmental pollution, unsafe and unhealthy working conditions,insufficient wages, child labor and forced displacement of indigenous people,and as a result, human rights violations. In this paper, corporate human rightsdue diligence obligations, which serve the purpose of preventing human rightsviolations and environmental damage that may be caused by the commercialactivities of multinational companies, are examined. In this context, nonbinding and voluntary legal texts, especially the United Nations GuidingPrinciples on Business and Human Rights are discussed. Then, thedevelopments within the European Union are explained, and then certainnational regulations are included. In terms of the national regulations,considering the export volumes with Turkey, the corporate human rights duediligence obligations under German, English, French and Dutch laws areexamined. Finally, the effects of these developments especially on companieslocated in Turkey and in this regard the need for a reform under Turkish laware evaluated.
The European Community's new Regulation on conflicts in torts (Rome II) unifies the member states' laws on this subject. The Rome II Regulation (OJ L 199/40 of 31 July 2007) which will apply from 11 January 2009 will be presented. The article gives an overview of the scope of application and function of the new Regulation and comment on the most important rules by means of several examples. The paper will concentrate on the following topics: (a) general rules, (b) product liability, (c) the violation of the environment, (d) unfair competition, and (e) infringement of intellectual property rights and other non-contractual obligations such as unjust enrichment and culpa in contrahendo.
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