İnsanoğlu yaşam kalitesini yükseltmek, daha yüksek bir refah düzeyine erişmek için çabalamakta ve bu doğrultuda tüketimlerini artırmaktadır. Tüketimin sürekli ve düzenli hale gelmesiyle birlikte yatırımların teşviki, tüketim harcamalarının ekonomideki önemli bir fonksiyonunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılarak tüketim harcamalarına etki eden unsurların belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada G20 ülkelerinin Dünya Bankası ve Dünya Çapında Yönetişim Göstergeleri resmi sitelerinden elde edilen 2007-2019 zaman aralığına ilişkin yıllık verileri kullanılmış, ekonometrik yöntem olarak da; sabit etkiler, rassal etkiler, genelleştirilmiş momentler yöntemi (GMM), sistem GMM ve robust (sağlam, dirençli hata) tahmin ediciler modelleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada uygulanan analiz neticesinde elde edilen bulgulara göre, bağımlı değişken nihai tüketim harcamaları ile arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişki tespit edilen bağımsız değişkenler; gayri safi yurt içi hâsıla (GSYH), bireylerin internet kullanımı (toplam nüfus%) ve kentleşme oranı (toplam nüfus%) olmuştur. Ancak nihai tüketim harcamaları ile bir diğer bağımsız değişken politik istikrar endeksi arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.

A rational economic person desires to achieve happiness by acting for his or her own benefit. Therefore, the key of human happiness is in the sense of pleasure and satisfaction. The concept of happiness, which has been emphasized more over time, has also started to be discussed frequently in economic terms. The economics of happiness at the focus of these discussions was built on an economy model based on society and nature. It is possible to mention many socioeconomic factors that add value to life and create happiness. Factors such as a clean environment, a good income level, relationships based on trust, healthy and quality life can be described as the causes of happiness. Today, a new social process is mentioned and happiness takes attention as well as technological developments in this society. This study has aimed to investigate the factors associated with happiness in the context of Society 5.0, using the panel data analysis method for 8 OECD countries between the years 2007-2019. In the study, it has been found that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between GDP per capita and happiness. In addition, it was found that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between human capital and happiness. It has been determined that there is a significant and positive relationship between renewable energy consumption and happiness. The happiness index, which is the dependent variable in the study, is explained by all other independent variables at the rate of 89 %.

Countries act in line with the effort to obtain optimum tax revenue in financing basic expenditures without resorting to public sector borrowing. Many countries aimed to implement efficient tax policies to increase their tax revenues with the desire to reach the highest level in economic growth and development by using their limited resources effectively. In this context, it is important to examine which factors will affect tax revenues under which constraints for both developed and developing countries. This study aims to determine the factors affecting tax revenues from 2007 to 2019 based on selected countries among the important countries in tax revenues in general. While the dependent variable used in this study is tax revenues, the independent variables are gross domestic product (GDP), human capital index and political stability index. The econometric method used in the study is the panel data analysis method, in which fixed effects, random effects, generalized method of moments (GMM) and system GMM models were applied. In the study, it was found that gross domestic production, human capital index and political stability index had a statistically significant and positive effect on tax revenues.