regulations of personal protective equipment along with need-based guidelines, treatment algorithms, brochures and related documents have been released. For the case-based follow-up, Public Health Management System (HSYS) is being used. PCR and rapid diagnostic kits are being used to analyze the samples at the central Microbiology Reference Laboratory and the authorized laboratories in several provinces. Various preventive measures were implemented including flight restrictions to certain countries, gradually expanded to suspending all flights and prohibiting the entry of foreign nationals, 14-day isolation and symptom monitoring for those that came from countries under risk. Persons with chronic diseases have been granted an administrative leave, on campus education at schools and activities of public rest and entertainment areas were temporarily suspended. The measures have been implemented for penitentiary institutions, dormitories, nursing homes, public transport and intercity buses, and also weekend curfews are implemented. In accordance with the pandemic plan, actions have been carried out with a multi-sectoral approach, and preventive measures have been implemented to cover the society as a whole.

Background The recently emerged novel coronavirus, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)”, caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low‐ and middle‐income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions. Aims To centralize the accumulative knowledge on non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID‐19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. Methods International COVID‐19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross‐sectional online‐survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on incidence and mortality of COVID‐19. Survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with log‐transformed value of population as an offset value. Results Majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual‐level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial mask (94.6% at hospital; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to recommendation to use soap did. Deprivation of mask was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic level. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. Conclusion NPIs against COVID‐19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease incidence and mortality of COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

2017 tarihleri arasında 1426 akut barsak enfeksiyonu (ABE) başvurusu olduğu saptanmıştır. İncelemenin amacı vaka sayısındaki artışın sebeplerini saptamak olası kaynakları kontrol altına almak ve salgının tekrarlanmaması için önlem almaktır. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı da sahada karşılaşılan zorlukları ve salgına müdahalenin akışını ortaya koymaktır. Yöntem: İnceleme için yüz yüze anket uygulanmak istenmiş ancak bölgenin fındık toplama zamanı olması ve kurban bayramı tatili döneminin başlaması nedeni ile vakalara ulaşılamayacağı anlaşılmıştır. Yüz yüze veri toplama çalışması yapılamamış olup vaka tespiti için hastane kayıtları kullanılarak tanımlayıcı bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Şüpheli vaka, ilçedeki hastanelere 20-23 Ağustos 2017 tarihleri arasında ABE ilişkili ICD-10; A09, R11 veya K52.8/9 tanı kodlarıyla başvuran kişidir.Otuz adet su örneğinin mikrobiyolojik, iki su örneğinin virolojik, yedi adet gaita örneğinin mikrobiyolojik, parazitolojik ve virolojik incelemeleri yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Ünye'deki hastanelerden 1092 şüpheli vaka tespiti yapılmıştır (ilçe nüfusu: 125722). En sık tanı kodu R11: bulantı ve kusmadır (%41). Hastaların %53'ü kadındır.

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Disruption of routine monitorization and chlorination of the water supply system during a week-long holiday led to a multi-organism gastroenteritis outbreak in a district with limited laboratory support. More than a 10-fold increase in patients with gastroenteritis was reported. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Enteroaggregative E. coli, and norovirus were detected in human specimen samples. The main water tank and pipes were rusted; 13 out of the 19 water samples tested positive for total Coliform (1–920 colony-forming units (CFU)/100 ml) and E. coli (1–720 CFU/100 ml). Chlorine levels were below 0.2 ppm in seven of the nine samples. Information of 1,815 cases was obtained from the hospital records with a crude attack rate of 2.9%. Cases widespread in the district increased throughout the holiday, epidemic curve revealed a point-source outbreak. The case–control study revealed that consumption of drinking tap water and using it to clean vegetables/fruits were significantly associated with the illness. While drinking only bottled water had a protective effect against the illness. The culture technique showed that the water supply samples were positive for pathogenic bacteria. Upon decision in a multi-stakeholder meeting, the water tank was cleaned, and the Municipality initiated the renovation of the water supply system.