Studies on genetic gain, made by direct or indirect phenotypic selection, are needed regularly since they offer valuable information for breeding programs. The purpose of this study to investigate the gene effects on the yield-related traits of the F1 and F2 populations of bread wheat "line×tester" crosses; to identify suitable parents and promising hybrids for development of high yielding varieties; to determine correlations between genetic distances of the parents and heterosis with heterotic groups (HG) based on specific combining ability (SCA). The combining abilities, heritability, heterosis (Ht)-heterobeltiosis (Hb) and the potential of populations as a HG were analysed. According to the results, non-additive gene effects were predominated and narrow sense heritability was low for all examined features, significant combining ability effects were determined for some parents and hybrids. While DH18, DH20 and Harmankaya-99 were good combiners, "DH16×Altay-2000", "DH16×Kate A-1" and "DH21×Kate A-1" were promising hybrids. The yield, Ht and SCA were higher in inter-group hybrids than intra-group hybrids in HG. Although molecular markers are considered more reliable to create HG, only marker selection will not adequate to improve the trait in question because of complex genetic structure and environmental influence. Therefore, HG based on yield-specific SCA can be utilized as a reliable parameter in breeding studies.

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This study was carried out in the experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Eskişehir Osmangazi, in 2009 and 2010 under semi-arid conditions. Thirteen different safflower cultivars and lines (V-

The aim of this study was to investigate the gene effects that play a role in the inheritance of the anther culture response of the F1 and F2 populations obtained from the hybridization between the seven doubled haploid (DH) wheat line and four bread wheat cultivar using line × tester method as well as, to determine suitable parents and promising hybrids. Eleven parents and their twenty-eight hybrid combinations were examined for androgenic properties related to anther culture response such as the number of callus, green, albino, haploid, spontaneous DH and fertile plants. The obtained data were evaluated by the combining ability analysis calculated using the line × tester method and by estimating the heritability degrees. According to the results, for all traits examined, the non-additive gene effects were found as significant and narrow sense heritability at a low level. Significant combining ability effects have been identified for some parents and hybrids regarding traits examined. DH19, DH22, and Harmankaya-99 have been identified as suitable parents to develop the androgenic traits, while crosses formed between them have been determined as promising. A total of 444 plants (142 F1, 302 F2) were transferred to the greenhouse from the plants obtained from the anther culture, and 205 (68 in F1, 137 in F2) were fertile. Ninety-three of the fertile plants were obtained from

ÖzBu çalışma 2013-2014 yıllarında Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü'nde yürütülmüştür, Çalışmanın amacı, klasik buğday ıslah programlarının anter kültürü tekniği ile kombine edilmesi böylece ıslah sürecinin kısaltılması klasik ıslah metodlarına göre daha kısa sürede çok miktarda %100 saf hat elde edilmesi ve dolayısıyla yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesinde zaman tasarrufu sağlanarak maliyetin düşürülmesidir. Araştırmada 61adet ekmeklik buğday F 2 melezi kullanılmıştır, F 2 melezlerinin tohumlarının vernalizasyon ihtiyacı karşılandıktan sonra 2014 yılı ağustos ayında seraya ekilmiştir. Ekim ayında başaklar alınmaya başlanmıştır, Erken-orta tek çekirdekli dönemde alınan başaklar naylon poşetler ile sarılmış ve 4°C' de 12-15 gün süresince bekletilmiştir. Başaklar steril edildikten sonra MN6 besin ortamına her petri kabına 50-100 arasında anter ekimi yapılmıştır. Anterlerin bulunduğu petri kapları 28°C de ve karanlık koşullarda inkubatörlere bırakılmıştır. İnkubatörde 28. günden sonra oluşan kalluslar steril kabin içine alınarak doğrudan 190 II katı rejenerasyon ortamı üzerine aktarılmıştır. Kallusların aktarıldığı petri kapları 25°C de 16 saat ışık (50 µmol s -1 m -2 ) ve 8 saat karanlık koşullarda iklim odalarında bitkiler rejenere oluncaya kadar bekletilmiştir. Bu ortamda gelişen bitkiler 1-1.5 cm olunca 190 II kök besi ortamını içeren test tüplerine aktarılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda F 2 bitkilerinden 107,984 anter ekimi yapılmış, 22,979 kallus oluşmuş, 1160 bitki elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın devamında, elde edilen bitkiler vernalize edilmek üzere 4°C'de soğuk iklim odasına aktarılmaya başlanmıştır. Vernalize edilen bitkiler saksılara aktarılarak 15°C'de 16 saat ışık/8 saat karanlık ortamda 2 hafta süreyle iklim dolaplarında bekletilecektir. Elde edilen bitkilerin ploidi düzeylerine bakılarak spontan diploid olanlar iklim dolaplarına ve seralara aktarılacaktır. Haploid bitkilere ise colchisin uygulanarak kromozom katlaması yapılacaktır. Tohum elde edilen saf hatlardan daha sonra tohum çoğaltımı yapılacaktır. Obtaining the Pure Line in F 2 Generation Wheat Using Anther Culture Technique AbstractThis study was conducted at theTransitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute in the years 2013-2014.The purpose of the study was providing the combination conventional breeding in tegration with anther culture techniques, so obtaining more than %100 pureline in a short time according to conventional breeding methods, saving time andreducing cost for development of new varieties. In this research, 61 genotypes of F 2 hybrid bread wheat were used. F 2 hybrid seeds were sown in greenhouse in August 2014, after vernalization requirement was satisfied. Grain ears were taken at October, 2014. Ears which were taken at early-midsingle-coreperiod, were wrapped in plastic bags at 4°C and kept during the 12-15 days.After ears were made sterile, anther cultivation was made 50-100 units per each petri dish, in the MN6 nutrient media.Petri dishes which were containing the anthers were left in the incubator at dark conditionsand 2...