Introduction:We investigated the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on dendritic cells (DC) during acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice. Methods: First, we randomly divided the mice into experimental (ALI model) and control groups, then intraperitoneally injected 600 mg/kg of APAP or phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. Then, we collected liver tissue and serum samples to evaluate liver inflammation using serum alanine aminotransferase level and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of liver tissues. Flow cytometry was used to identify changes in the quantity and percentage of DCs, as well as the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 74 and other apoptosis-related markers in the liver. Next, we randomly divided the mice into APAP-vehicles, APAP-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), APAP-MIF, APAP-IgG (isotype immunoglobin G antibody) groups (four mice per group), after APAP injection, we injected control extracts, BMDCs, mouse recombinant MIF antibodies, or IgG antibodies into the tail vein. Lastly, the severity of the liver injury and the number of DCs were assessed. Results:The APAP-induced ALI mice had increased hepatic MIF expression but significantly lower amounts of hepatic DCs and apoptotic DCs than healthy mice; CD74 expression on the HDCs also increased markedly.Supplementing APAP-induced ALI mice with BMDCs or MIF antibodies significantly increased the number of hepatic DCs compared with the control mice, alleviating liver damage. Conclusion:The MIF/CD74 signaling pathway may mediate hepatic DC apoptosis and promote liver damage.

Background: Cryptococcus has been occurring in an increasing number of immunocompetent individuals, with a worse response rate to available therapies as compared with classical immunosuppressive patients. Case presentation: Herein, we report a rare case of a cryptococcal brain abscess in an immunocompetent patient. This 25-year-old woman presented with a progressively worsening headache, a persistent fever, and a 2.4×2.2×2.0 cm frontal abscess. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood cultures confirmed cryptococcal infection. She was administered standard antifungal treatment. The intracranial lesion shrunk and her clinical condition improved. However, medical therapy alone failed due to sustained high intracranial pressure during the consolidation phase and subsequent antibacterial treatment. Surgical excision confirmed a frontal abscess due to Cryptococcus neoformans. She had complete resolution following surgery. Conclusions: Although medical therapy alone may be effective for small abscesses (<2.5 cm), this case highlights that if the patient has persistently high intracranial pressure, a combined medical and surgical approach is optimal for disease management.