Tourism development contributes to economic development. In emerging economies like Kazakhstan, tourism development needs active entrepreneurship. As the country emerges from the post-Soviet era, there has been an increase in economic development and prosperity. Entrepreneurship in the tourism sector can drive economies forward through the creation of new tourism and hospitality businesses. The macroeconomic environment can influence entrepreneurial activity. We use an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to examine the impact of macroeconomic factors on tourism entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. Using data from 1996 to 2018, we find that there is a positive short-run relationship between wages in the tourism sector and entrepreneurship, suggesting that wage growth in the sector attracts entrepreneurs. In the long run, however, tourism sector wages have a negative relationship with entrepreneurship, suggesting that these higher wages represent a higher cost to entrepreneurship. There is also a strong positive relationship between national income and tourism entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. Implications of macroeconomic policy changes for Kazakhstan and other emerging economies are discussed.

This article is devoted to the problem of stimulating the entrepreneurial activity of the population, contributing to the development of the country's economy through new goods and services formation, as well as the development of new industries and markets. The paper presents the results of a study of the business environment of the Republic of Kazakhstan based on expert opinions, namely the factors that can have a stimulating or deterrent effect on the development of the population's entrepreneurial activity. The authors of the article analyzed the structural conditions and indicators of the country's entrepreneurship in the context of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor's rating. In order to increase the practical orientation of the research, the goal of this article was to integrate theoretically the most significant business development factors in Kazakhstan and determine the level of entrepreneurial activity. A survey of entrepreneurs and specialists whose activities are related to the formation of business conditions was conducted to achieve the set goal.

В статье проведен статистический анализ количества активных субъектов в сфере туризма и определены основные количественные факторы, влияющие на его развитие. Результатом исследования стало определение значимых факторов, оказывающих влияние на развитие туристской отрасли. Областью применения результатов исследования является деятельность субъектов туристской индустрии: Министерства культуры и спорта, управлений по развитию туризма, туроператоров и турагентов, отраслевых организаций, сотрудников научно-исследовательских институтов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при разработке государственных и региональных программ развития туристской отрасли в Казахстане. Ключевые слова: туристская отрасль, субъекты предпринимательства, предпринимательская активность, факторы развития, корреляция, регрессионная модель.