The authors performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to estimate the magnitude of spousal concordance for hypertension and to examine whether the concordance varied by important study methodological aspects. PubMed and Embase were searched up to June 2017 for cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies that investigated the concordance/association of hypertension between spouse pairs. A meta-analysis with random-effects models was performed by pooling adjusted odds ratios. Eight studies with a total number of 81 928 spouse pairs were eligible. The pooled results showed that spouses of individuals with hypertension had 41% (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.64) increased odds of having hypertension themselves. The association applied to both men and women, and was not significantly different between studies with adjustment for body mass index and those without. The findings highlighted the importance of environmental factors in the development of hypertension. | INTRODUCTIONHypertension is the leading risk factor for morbidities and mortalities caused by cardiovascular and kidney diseases. The Global Burden Project estimated that hypertension accounts for 9.4 million deaths each year worldwide.1 Hypertension is a complex disorder resulting from both genetic and environmental determinants. and body mass index (BMI), spousal diagnosis of hypertension was the strongest risk factor of hypertension for men and second strongest risk factor for women, with adjusted risk estimates at two-to three-fold. 7 In another community-based population study in Brazil, however, the spousal association was not significant after adjusting for age. 9 Therefore, these inconsistencies and uncertainties need to be addressed using quantitative and comparative methods.Previous meta-analyses have observed a significant positive spousal concordance for diabetes mellitus and the majority of main coronary risk factors. 15,16 However, no meta-analysis has summarized the available evidence of spousal concordance for hypertension. In addition, the mechanism through which spousal concordance operates was not known. The concordance may operate through the Zhancheng Wang and Wenhui Ji contributed equally to this work.

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As a typical multi-objective optimization problem, parameter optimization of HEV power control strategy must deal with the conflict between objectives, as fuel consumption and emissions. Classical methods define the HEV parameter optimization as a single objective problem to minimize the fuel consumption. In this paper, the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is generalized for parameter optimization of power control strategy of series hybrid electric vehicle. Using a single unified formulation, a number of design objectives can be simultaneously optimized through searching in the parameter space. Compared with two main strategies, as Thermostatic and singleobjective genetic algorithm (SOGA), the computation procedures of MOGA are discussed. Simulation results based on the model of series hybrid electric vehicle illustrate the optimization validity of MOGA.Index Terms-Multi-objective genetic algorithm, power control strategy, series hybrid electric vehicle, parameter optimization

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Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common type of cardiac rhythm disturbance encountered in clinical practice, is associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality. Aggregating evidence demonstrates that abnormal cardiovascular development is involved in the pathogenesis of AF. A recent study has revealed that the TBX5 gene, which encodes a T-box transcription factor key to cardiovascular development, was associated with AF and atypical Holt-Oram syndrome. However, the prevalence and spectrum of TBX5 mutation in patients with lone AF remain unclear. In this study, the coding regions and splicing junction sites of TBX5 were sequenced in 192 unrelated patients with lone AF and 300 unrelated ethnically-matched healthy individuals used as controls. The causative potential of the identified TBX5 variation was evaluated by MutationTaster and PolyPhen-2. The functional effect of the mutant TBX5 was assayed by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, a novel heterozygous TBX5 mutation, p.H170D, was identified in a patient, with a mutational prevalence of approximately 0.52%. This mutation, which was absent in the 300 control individuals, altered the amino acid completely conserved evolutionarily across species, and was predicted to be disease-causing. Functional deciphers showed that the mutant TBX5 was associated with significantly reduced transcriptional activity when compared with its wild-type counterpart. Furthermore, the mutation significantly decreased the synergistic activation between TBX5 and NKX2-5 or GATA4. The findings expand the mutational spectrum of TBX5 linked to AF and provide new evidence that dysfunctional TBX5 may contribute to lone AF.