The environmental state of soil-plant systems under the condition of technogenic pressure has been demonstrated on the example of the social significant territory in the city of Moscow – the campus of the RUDN University. The assessment is based on the analyses of the environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil, roots and aerial parts of plants of bluegrass meadow: Naphthalene (Naph), Fluorene (Fluorene), Phenanthrene (Phen), Anthracene (An), Fluoranthene (Flu), Pyrene (Py), Chrysene (Chr), Benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFlu), Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFlu), Benzo[ghi]perylene (Bghi), Indeno[1, 2, 3-cd[pyrene (IP), Dibenzo[a, h]anthracene (DBa). These pollutants are considered as geochemical markers and reflect quite detailed the integral state of soil-plant systems. As a result, the zones with relative prosperous and with critical state are identified. The connection between physicochemical characteristics (log Kow) of pollutants and their accumulation activity (concentration coefficients) is confirmed.

AIM:Objective of the study was to evaluate the state of the main indicators of antioxidant status and enzymes of purine metabolism in the germ cells of men living in the zone of ecological catastrophe Aral Sea region.METHODS:The criterion for inclusion is the stay of an adult in the Aral Sea area is not less than 5 years, employment in occupations with no more than 2 hazard class. Determination of the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) was conducted in semen by the method of Nemechek et al., 1993. Determination of the activity of catalase (CAT) was performed according by the method of Korolyuk et al., 1988.RESULTS:Results of the study indicate a change in the activity of catalase and adenosine deaminase, due to increased levels of oxidative stress and the development of the pathological process.CONCLUSIONS:According to the results of study, it was put the influence of negative factors of the Aral Sea region in men’s sperm of reproductive age gives to disability free-radical processes, that proves changing of ferments of ant oxidative protection Catalase and adenosine deaminase (ADA). This disturbance in men’s sperm of reproductive age leading to increased level of oxidative stress and impaired activity of antioxidant enzymes and purine metabolism, responsible for the abnormal transmembrane and intracellular processes, reflecting the degree of imbalance of enzymes.

The brief results of the functioning of the environmental monitoring system of the RUDN University campus are summarized. The monitoring system created in 2017 is aimed at obtaining data on the state of the environment of the campus and the adjacent territory of the Southwestern Forest Park, which is considered as conditionally background. The territory is surrounded by a network of highways with heavy traffic, bordered by residential buildings and an administrative zone. The technogenic load is mainly represented by transport emissions, as most part of Moscow territory. From this point of view, the area is considered as a representative object for study, where it is planned to continue work on environmental monitoring and modeling of pollutant flows, as well as greenhouse gas flows. Since the beginning of observations, more than 4000 records have been received on acoustic and electromagnetic pollution, as well as on pollution of atmospheric air, soil, vegetation, snow cover, which allows to confidently identify areas of influence of traffic flows to the territory and simulate the migration of pollutants, as well as to develop a basis for assessing ecosystem services of the territory. In particular, these are assessments of greenhouse gas emissions and uptake by the soil - plant complex.

The characteristics of the hazard of urban soils pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered: naphthalene (Naph), anthracene (An), phenanthrene (Phen), pyrene (Py), fluoranthene (Flu), chrysene (Chr), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFlu), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFlu), dibenzo[ah]antracene (DBa), benzo[ghi]perylene (Bghi), indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene). On the example of monitoring data on the RUDN University campus and the adjacent South-West Forest Park, modern approaches to assessing the hazard of pollution levels and the environmental risk of soil pollution are demonstrated: RQ indicators, total relative toxicity in comparison to BaP, carcinogenic risk, behavior of the representative PAHs. On the basis of a critical analysis of the pollution indicators, the optimal approaches to assessing the danger of the presence of polyarenes in the soils of urban areas are demonstrated. The leading sources of pollution (influence of vehicles) were identified. Different levels of environmental hazard of polyarene soil contamination in different functional zones of the analyzed territory are demonstrated: relatively clear territory in the middle zone of the park and a specific configuration of the pollution field on the rest of the territory. The necessity of developing ecosystem standards for urban natural complexes is justified, taking into account the individual characteristics of soils, the role of soil microbiota, the specificity of the use of the territory and the characteristics of pollution sources.

No abstract